In december 2012, the Swiss People voted for the introduction of the clause 67a in the Swiss Constitution. This clause concerns musical education and musical training of children and young people. (The word „talent“ appears in the Constitutional text…) One aim of this new clause is to organize and guarantee the complementarity of public schools, music schools and all actors of music education all over Switzerland. At this point, it seems interesting to define: 1) which „music education“ is nowadays considered as essential in Swiss primary schools and which contents have appeared /disappeared in regard of the past. Examples will be analysed from historical, social and didactical points of view ; 2) which musical skills are mentioned in the political message coming with this new clause and to which knowledge they may refer. The German speaking people distinguish „musikalische Bildung“ and „musikalische Ausbildung“, both refering to musical background. We will approach this distinction with questions about the type of culture, of transmission and of development that could be infered in our particular Swiss case. Reference: Deriu, R. (2004).Pédagogie de l’éducation musicale dans la seconde moitié du XXe siècle. In J.-J. Nattiez (Eds), Les savoirs musicaux (pp. 854-870). Arles / Paris : Actes Sud.