Emotional Dimension in Teacher-student Relationships in Diverse Classrooms
Author(s):
Eeva Kaisa Hyry-Beihammer (presenting / submitting) Minna Uitto (presenting) Katri Jokikokko
Conference:
ECER 2015
Format:
Paper

Session Information

Paper Session

Time:
2015-09-09
15:30-17:00
Room:
101.Oktatóterem [C]
Chair:
Peter Gray

Contribution

Responding to the needs of different learners is one of the most important and challenging tasks for beginning teachers in their work. Every class is different, e.g., with regard to age, gender, interests, aptitudes, experiences, worldviews and socioeconomic backgrounds. Teachers may view diversity of students as a challenge or even a burden to be managed and controlled or, on the other hand, as a source of inspiration and mutual learning. We acknowledge teacher–student relationships to be a key to encountering the diversity of the students in a meaningful way (cf. Newberry 2010). Theoretically, we understand teacher’s work as relational, in which emotions are inherently present (Hansen 1998; Hargreaves 2000; Van Manen 1991). Teachers often experience the relationships rewarding in their work, however, the relationships also make teachers‘ work emotionally demanding (e.g. Kelchtermans 2009). We conceptualise emotions as simultaneously social and individual, reflecting the imperatives and values of institutions and cultures, but also the interests and personalities of individuals (Boler 1999; Zembylas 2005). Narrativity forms a wide theoretical and methodological framework in the research (Spector-Mersel 2010). While telling, teachers reconstruct and make sense of their lives and experiences, constructing the meaning of their own emotional experiences (Clandinin & Connelly 2000; Elbaz-Luwisch 2005; Kelchtermans 2009).

Our research question is, how teachers tell about the emotional dimension involved in their relationships with diverse students. In order to address this question we studied teacher narratives collected in two different research projects by conducting narrative interviews with beginning Finnish teachers in primary schools (Grades 1 to 6, children aged between seven to twelve).

Studies prove that emotional challenges are a significant reason for teachers to leave their work during the first years of their careers (Heikkinen, Jokinen & Tynjälä 2012; Shoffner 2011). More theoretical understanding about the significance of relationships and emotions in teachers' work is needed in order to support teachers’ wellbeing and to continue working as a teacher. This understanding is also required to further develop pre-service and in-service teacher education. Furthermore, it would be important to make teachers aware of the significance of emotional dimension in teacher-student relationships.

Method

The empirical data consisting of teacher interviews were collected in two research projects. The first set of the data includes four interviews of beginning multi-grade teachers collected during 2010–2012 in two small primary schools (a small school defined with less than fifty students). Thesemulti-grade teachers were teaching two or three grades at the same time in their classrooms and had been working from one to three years. The second set of data were collected during 2013-14 with five teachers teaching single-grade classes in primary schools. The teachers were interviewed twice during their first year of teaching. The interviews were narrative by nature, which meant that the interviews contained broad questions aiming particularly to elicit stories (Hyvärinen & Löyttyniemi 2005). The interactional and contextual nature of interviews was especially acknowledged in the data collection: the context matters, as well as the relationships that develop between the interviewer and the interviewee (Riessman 2008). The data is analysed by applying qualitative content analysis (Neuendorf, 2002) and narrative analysis (Riessman 2008) to transcribed teacher interviews.

Expected Outcomes

The findings of our research will discuss how beginning teachers tell about the emotional dimension related to diverse students; whether the teachers regard diversity more as a strength or a burden (or both) and whether they aim at reducing the consequences of the differences or on the contrary, benefitting from them in the classroom. Diversity is present in every classroom but in multi-grade classrooms it becomes emphasized and that is why this context is especially interesting for studying the emotions that are embedded in relationships between the teachers and diverse students. It will be interesting to see if teachers emphasise different emotional aspects related to relationships with diverse students depending on whether they teach in single-grade or multi-grade classrooms. On the basis of our findings, we will draw conclusions on how emotions related to relationships with diverse students could be meaningfully discussed in teacher education. It is significant to develop student teachers’ awareness of the emotional aspects that are involved in teacher-student relationships and the impact that these may have on students’ and teachers’ learning and wellbeing.

References

Boler, M. (1999). Feeling power: Emotions in education. New York: Routledge. Clandinin, D. J., & Connelly, F. M. (2000). Narrative inquiry: Experience and story in qualitative research. San Francisco: Jossey-Bas. Elbaz-Luwisch, F. (2005). Teachers’ voices: Storytelling and possibility. Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing Inc. Hargreaves, A. (2000). Mixed emotions: Teachers’ perceptions of their interactions with students. Teaching and Teacher Education, 16(8), 811–826. Heikkinen, H., Tynjälä, P., & Jokinen, H. (Eds.) (2012). Peer-group mentoring for teacher development. Milton Park: Routledge. Hyvärinen, M.& Löyttyniemi, V. (2005). Kerronnallinen haastattelu [Narrative interview]. In J. Ruusuvuori & L. Tiittula (Eds.), Haastattelu: Tutkimus, tilanteet ja vuorovaikutus [Interview:Research, situations and interaction] (pp. 189-222). Tampere: Vastapaino, (in Finnish) Kelchtermans, G. (2009). Who I am in how I teach is the message: self-understanding, vulnerability and reflection. Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice 15(2), 257–272. Neuendorf, K.A. (2002). The content analysis guidebook. Thousand Oaks: Sage. Newberry, M. (2010). Identified phases in the building and maintaining of positive teacher–student relationships. Teaching and Teacher Education, 26(8), 1695–1703. Riessman, C. K. (2008). Narrative methods for the human sciences. Thousand Oaks: Sage. Shoffner, M. 2011. Considering the first year: reflection as a means to address beginning teachers’ concerns. Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice, 17(4), 417–433. Spector-Mersel, G.(2010). Narrative research. Time for a paradigm. Narrative Inquiry 20 (1), 204–224. Van Manen, M. (1991). The tact of teaching. The meaning of pedagogical thoughtfulness. Ontario: the Althouse Press. Zembylas, M. (2005). "Structures of feeling" in curriculum and teaching: theorizing the emotional rules. Educational Theory 52(2):187–208.

Author Information

Eeva Kaisa Hyry-Beihammer (presenting / submitting)
Alpen-Adria University Klagenfurt
The Institution of Teaching and School Development, The School of Education
Klagenfurt, AUSTRIA
Minna Uitto (presenting)
University of Oulu, Finland
University of Oulu, Finland

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