Tackling educational inequality and under achievement through a national programme of professional learning – The Masters in Educational Practice.

Session Information

01 SES 08 B, Tackling Educational Inequality through Professional Development

Paper Session

Time:
2015-09-10
09:00-10:30
Room:
204.Oktatóterem [C]
Chair:
Mark Hadfield

Contribution

This paper focuses on the design, implementation and initial evaluation of a national programme of professional learning, the Masters in Educational Practice (MEP). This programme lies at the heart of the Welsh government’s twenty-point school improvement strategy, announced in 2011, that focuses on concerns around the widening attainment gap between pupils from different socio- economic backgrounds. The MEP was a direct response to these concerns and is intended to create additional capacity within the education system to support the government’s wider approach to challenging pupil under achievement. 

 

The commissioning of the MEP by the Welsh Government was based on consultations with international experts on professional development and school improvement, as well as a survey of beginning teachers. The resulting specification set out the broad content of the programme and placed a strong emphasis upon developing an enquiry-based approach that would critically integrate theory and practice. The successful tender was submitted by an alliance of four universities that set out a programme of increasingly complex partnership working. The programme is now in its third year and is made available free to all newly qualified teachers across Wales, currently some one thousand beginning teachers are engaged.

 

The paper is based around a participant case study of the first two years of the MEP programme as it has moved through the initiation phase to implementation. The theoretical framework for the study draws on Ball’s notion of ‘enactment’ (Ball et al, 2012), to explore how this policy driven initiative was re-interpreted and reconstructed at different levels and spaces, ranging from the programme Team, the alliance of universities, key stakeholders such as the Welsh government, and the wider education system.  How the MEP was enacted in these different spaces is linked to the nature of the students’ learning experience and impact upon their classroom practice by utilizing initial evaluation data.

 

The first section of the paper sets the MEP programme in the policy and practice context in which it was developed and launched. A policy context marked by a resurgence in concerns over the Welsh system’s relative under performance in comparison with the rest of the UK, and internationally, and a growing self-belief in the desirability of a more distinct national response Welsh Government, 2014). The practical backdrop to the MEP included major changes in how schools are supported and the nature of professional development provision in Wales. These shifts framed the MEP programme’s ultimate aim, the development of groups of early career professionals who would support each other to innovate, challenge under achievement, and lead professional development activities within their schools.

The second section of the paper considers the design and implementation of the MEP programme. After setting out the evidence base that informed its initial design (Timperley 2008, Hobson et al 2009, Mentor et al 2010) it discusses the pedagogical principles that underpin its’ ‘blended’ approach to professional learning. It considers the role played by the team of over one hundred external mentors who work directly with the beginners teachers and the nature of the relationships and practices required to support and challenge these teachers’ bring about improvements in their classrooms. This section concludes by outlining the key tensions faced by the programme team in mediating differences in the agendas of the Welsh government, beginning teachers, and school leaders.

The final section of the paper draws on early evaluation data on the initial impact of the MEP on beginning teachers self-efficacy, approach to professional decision-making, and innovation in their classrooms. 

Method

The participant case study of the programme’s initiation and implementation phases is based upon observations of the MEP team, interviews with those involved in the design and commissioning of the programme, and analysis of programme documentation. The identification of the tensions faced by the team is based on a development of dilemma analysis (Winter, 1982). This analytical process explores how the reconstruction of the programme at different levels, and across participants and key stakeholders, created a series of ‘dilemmas’ arising from competing agendas and perspectives. If, and how, these dilemmas impacted upon the nature of the students’ experience of the programme, and it effectiveness with regards to supporting classroom based change, is explored using early evaluation data. The initial evaluation of the programme involved a questionnaire survey of all 1,000 beginning teachers enrolled on the MEP, follow-on focus group interviews, and case studies in eight schools as they set about attempting to bring about improvements in their classroom. The survey explored the beginning teachers’ experience of their initial teacher education programmes, their sense of efficacy in respect of dealing with behavior management issues, the role played by reflection and theory in their decision-making, and the impact of the programme on their classroom practice, role within school, and career aspirations. The focus group participants were selected on the basis of their survey responses in order to explore in more detail how different groups of beginning teachers have responded to the MEP. The case studies followed the teachers through the enquiry based classroom interventions that formed the basis of the dissertations. The case drew on interviews with the teachers, school leaders and the external mentors who supported them

Expected Outcomes

Working with beginning teachers, all within the first three years of their careers, has presented the MEP team of academics and mentors with a range of challenges that cut across many of the key issues that the higher education sector faces, nationally and internationally, in terms of encouraging practitioners’ use of research, developing enquiry as an approach to classroom based change, and establishing professional learning relationships that encourage them to adopt a critical stance towards existing policy and practice. The case study, when combine with the initial evaluation data, reveals a number of insights into how structural cultural, and institutional factors combine to constrain the possibilities of bringing about systemic change. It also highlights how the collective agency of beginning teachers, mentors and academic tutors can generate spaces, relationships and dialogues in which it is possible to practically innovate, theoretically critique established norms and ‘taken-for-granted’ beliefs about teaching and pupils, and question the nature of the links between social deprivation and educational attainment

References

Ball, S., Maguire, M. and Braun, A. (2012) How schools do policy: policy enactment in secondary schools. London: Routledge Hobson, A. Malderez, A. Tracey,L. Matthew, S. Ashby, P. Mitchell, N. McIntyre, J. Cooper, D. Roper, T. Chambers, G. and Tomlinson, D. (2009) Becoming a Teacher Teachers’ Experiences of Initial Teacher Training, Induction and Early Professional Development Final Report London: Department for Children, Schools and Families. Menter, I. Hulme, M. Elliot, D. and Lewin, J. (2010) Literature Review on Teacher Education in the 21st Century. Edinburgh: Scottish Government Timperley, H (2008) Teacher professional learning and development. Brussels: International Academy of Education. Welsh Government (2014) Qualified for Life. An education plan for 3 to 19-year-olds in Wales. Cardiff: Welsh Government. Winter, R. (1982) "Dilemma Analysis": A contribution to methodology for action research Cambridge Journal of Education 12, 3, 161-174

Author Information

Mark Hadfield (presenting / submitting)
Cardiff University, United Kingdom
cardiff university
social science
Cardiff
Cardiff University, United Kingdom

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