Quality Of Extracurricular Learning Arrangements In German All-day Schools. Do Multiprofessional Cooperation And Deployment Of Additional Staff Make A Difference?
Author(s):
Heinz Guenter Holtappels (presenting / submitting) Katja Tillmann (presenting)
Conference:
ECER 2015
Format:
Paper

Session Information

01 SES 06 A, Teacher cooperation, collegiality and wellbeing

Paper Session

Time:
2015-09-09
15:30-17:00
Room:
203.Oktatóterem [C]
Chair:
Heinz Guenter Holtappels

Contribution

Since 2002 the German school system is changing in a period of transition – from a half-day school system into an all-day school system. At the same time the composition of the staff in schools changes: In all-day schools the educational staff does no longer include only teachers, but also staff with other qualifications and competencies than teaching.

One objective of our research is to examine, to what extent a multiprofessional cooperation takes place and whether it influences the quality of the extracurricular program. The analyses draw focus on relationships between multiprofessional cooperation and theemployment conditions and qualifications of additional educational staffon one hand and the quality of extracurricular learning arrangements in primary schools on the other hand.

The theoretical framework is related to CIPO school quality model with regard tothe approach of Scheerens1990, which is adapted to the all-day schools context (Holtappels 2009). In empirical quality models (Scheerens 1990) teacher collaboration plays an important role among variables of process quality on school level. In approaches of organisational theory cooperation belongs to important characteristics of an organization (Mintzberg 1979). But nearly all studies on school effectiveness and improvement were focusing on teacher cooperation, seldom on multiprofessional cooperation.

Some studies have verified the contribution of teacher collaboration to the educational success of schools (e. g. Mortimore et.al. 1988) and to successful school development processes (Holtappels 2013). In schools with a majority of teachers, that cooperates intensively by shaping school, we can find higher increase of students´ achievement than in other schools (Senkbeil 2006). Findings on professional learning communities show effects of elaborated teamwork on teaching quality (Seashore Louis & Kruse 1995; Leithwood 2000; Holtappels 2013). But it is still an open question whether these results can be transferred to effects of multiprofessional cooperation. Empirical findings show:

The intensity of multiprofessional cooperation is closely related to the level of formal qualification and the extent of working hours of the educational staff. On school level different types of cooperation patterns have been identified: In all-day schools with high intensity of teacher cooperation and of multiprofessional cooperation a high quota of teachers are actively involved in the all-day school organisation; and a high proportion of the additional educational staff has an educational qualification and is employed with high volume of working hours (Tillmann & Rollett 2010; Carle 2014).

The higher the demands on tasks the more rare multiprofessional cooperation, as well as teacher cooperation takes place (Steinert et al. 2006, Gräsel et al. 2006). But active involvement and participation in all-day school life can enhance the intensity of multiprofessional cooperation (Tillmann & Rollett 2012; Börner et al. 2012).

Results of the German ‘Study on Development of All-day schools’ (Holtappels 2013) show that the intensity of multiprofessional cooperation and intensity of active teacher involvement in the extracurricular program belong to important predictors for the quality of educational program and the process quality of extracurricular learning arrangements. Furthermore multiprofessional cooperation is closely related to readiness for innovation (Bergmann & Rollett 2008).

The following questions are leading our analyses:

  1. Which characteristics in  deployment conditions, qualifications, intensity and patterns of cooperation of the multiprofessional staff can be found in all-day schools ?

  2.  To what degree key variables of qualification grade and volume of working hours are related to the process quality of extracurricular learning arrangements?

  3. What kind of relationships between the intensity and the quality of multiprofessional cooperation and the process quality of extracurricular learning arrangements can be found?

Method

The research is embedded in the German ‘Study on Development of All-day schools’. The study design includes follow-up data about forms and quality of extracurricular learning arrangements based on standardized questionnaires of teachers and additional educational staff (n=932) and students (n= approx. 3.500) over three measure points and panel data concerning students' test competencies in reading literacy from year 3 to year 4 and natural science from beginning to end of year 4 over two measure points. Valid and reliable scales for measuring cooperation are used. Scales on teaching quality are adapted to the context of extracurricular learning arrangements. Our data analyses consist of mean comparison tests, correlations, path analysis and structural equation models on school level. We will include the following variables as predictors in our research model on school level: a) qualification grade and b) extent of working time of additional educational staff in school, c) intensity of multiprofessional cooperation and d) active teacher involvement in extracurricular program. We investigate the influence of these predictors on the process quality of extracurricular learning arrangements (judged by students) within the all-day school program. Beyond this we are able to report on impacts on students’ achievement in reading literacy and natural science. Our first assump¬tion is that multiprofessional teamwork contributes to shaping supportive learning environments in extracurricular offers on a high quality level in all-day schools. The se¬cond assumption is that that employment conditions, educational qualification and participation in school are predictive conditions for the level of cooperation. The third assumption is that students' achievements are depending on the quality of extracurricular learning opportunities. Therefore the intensity and the quality of multiprofessional collaboration of staff can indirectly influence the development of students´outcomes.

Expected Outcomes

The empirical results provide a first overview on active involvement of teachers in the all-day school program, the intensity and the quality of multiprofessional cooperation. Beyond this correlations and mean comparison tests will show that inner-school cooperation is closely related to qualification grades and employment conditions of staff on one hand and involvement and participation in shaping the all-day school program on the other hand. On school level we expect that schools with a high proportion of additional staff with appropiate educational qualification and a high volume of working hours and intensive multiprofessional cooperation show a higher process quality of extracurricular learning arrangements than other schools. Our analyses will check to what extent multiprofessional cooperation can gain a high standard and we will identify key factors for high levels of multiprofessional cooperation culture. The findings will be suitable for knowledge transfer into educational practice and school system policy.

References

Bergmann, K. & Rollett, W. (2008). Kooperation und kollegialer Konsens bzw. Zusammenhalt als Bedingungen der Innovationsbereitschaft von Lehrerkollegien an Ganztagsschulen . In E. M. Lankes (Hrsg.), Pädagogische Professionalität als Gegenstand empirischer Forschung (291-301). Münster: Waxmann. Börner, N., Steinhauer, R., Stötzel, J. & Tabel, A.: Bildungsbericht Ganztagsschule NRW 2012. Dortmund 2012. Carle, U. (2014): Gelingende Zusammenarbeit multiprofessioneller Teams an Ganztagsschulen. In: Erdsiek-Rave, U./John-Ohnesorg, M. (Hg.): Individuell Fördern mit multiprofessionellen Teams (66-71) Schriftenreihe des Netzwerks Bildung, Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, Berlin. Gräsel, C., Fussangel, K. & Pröbstel, C. (2006): Lehrkräfte zur Kooperation anregen – eine Aufgabe für Sisyphos? In: Zeitschrift für Pädagogik, 52. Jg., H. 2, 205-219. Holtappels, H. G. (2009). Qualitätsmodelle – Theorie und Konzeptionen. In. I. Kamski, H.G. Holtappels & T. Schnetzer (Eds.), Qualität von Ganztagsschule. Konzepte und Orientierungen für die Praxis. (11–25). Münster: Waxmann. Holtappels, H. G. (2013): Schulentwicklung und Lehrerkooperation. In: McElvany, N. & Holtappels, H. G. (Hrsg.): Empirische Bildungsforschung. Theorien, Methoden, Befunde und Perspektiven (35-61). Münster: Waxmann. Leithwood, K. (2000). Organizational learning and school improvement. Greenwich/ CT: Swets & Zeitlinger. Mortimore, P., Sammons, P., Ecob, R. & Stoll, L. (1988). School matters. The junior years. Salisbury: Open Books. Scheerens, J.: School effectiveness and the development of process indicators of school functioning. In: School effectiveness and school improvement, vol. 1, 1990, 61-80. Seashore Louis, K. & Kruse, S. (1995). Professionalism and community: Perspectives on reforming urban schools. Thousand Oaks/CA.: SAGE Publications. Senkbeil, M. (2006). Die Bedeutung schulischer Faktoren für die Kompetenzentwicklung in Mathematik und in den Naturwissenschaften. In M. Prenzel, J. Baumert, W. Blum, R. Lehmann, D. Leutner, M. Neubrand, R. Pekrun, J. Rost & U. Schiefele (Hrsg.), PISA 2003. Untersuchungen zur Kompetenzentwicklung im Verlauf eines Schuljahres (S. 277-308). Münster: Waxmann. Mintzberg, H. (1979). The Structuring of Organizations: A Synthesis of the Research. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Steinert, B., Klieme, E., Maag-Merki, K., Döbrich, P., Halbherr, U. & Kunz, A. (2006). Lehrerkooperation in der Schule: Konzeption, Erfassung, Ergebnisse. Zeitschrift für Pädagogik, 52, 185-203. Tillmann, K. & Rollett, W. (2012): Does participation matter? The impact of participation on multi-professional co-operation in German all-day schools. Paper presented at the ICSEI-Conference in Malmo, January 2012, http://www.icsei.net/fileadmin/ICSEI/icsei_2012/papers/1792755_Multi-professional_Co-operation_and_Participation_Tillmann_Rollett.pdf Tillmann, K. & Rollett, W. (2010). Die Bedeutung personeller Ressourcen für innerschulische Kooperation an Ganztagsschulen in Deutschland. In B. Schwarz, P. Nenniger & R.S. Jäger (Eds.), Erziehungswissenschaftliche Forschung – nachhaltige Bildung. Beiträge zur 5. DGfE-Sektionstagung “Empirische Bildungsforschung“ 2009. Erziehungswissenschaft Vol. 28. (114–120). Landau: Verlag Empirische Pädagogik.

Author Information

Heinz Guenter Holtappels (presenting / submitting)
Technical University of Dortmund
Institute of School Development Research
Dortmnd
Katja Tillmann (presenting)
Technical University of Dortmund
Institute for School Development Research
Dortmund

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