Teacher Training in a School into a Collective Project with other Schools and the University of Segovia (Spain)
Author(s):
Conference:
ECER 2015
Format:
Paper

Session Information

Paper Session

Time:
2015-09-09
17:15-18:45
Room:
325.Oktatóterem [C]
Chair:
Marit Ulvik

Contribution

In our society, schooling must be a space for change. This transformation should begin with the teachers understanding that their role is also a social political phenomenon, which is inside of their learning organization and structure (Hargreaves, 1998). When it succeeds –and the changes are assumed rather than imposed by education policies- the school transformation involves the whole community and favours an increase in the teachers´ passion for education (Hargreaves & Shirley, 2009). The teachers get involved in a transformation of both the school policies and the way school is regarded by the community.

 Successful students are the first step to obtain positive transformations for the whole community. Educators are really committed to democracy when finding equity in all the students as well as in the community (Apple & Beane, 2007). For this purpose, it is important to identify the barriers that prevent progress and find solutions (Ainscow, Booth & Dyson, 2006). One proposal to stimulate inclusion is the increase of family participation. It involves an egalitarian dialogue between all the members of the community (Flecha & Soler, 2013; INCLUD-ED Consortium, 2009). The real participation could be performed through “Interactive Groups” (Elboj & Niemelä, 2010; Valls & Kyriakides, 2013). It is a way of group-work classroom organization, in which a community volunteer is responsible for promoting interactions within each group of students. Thus, an educational participation of the family is achieved.

Teacher training has an important role in the whole process, being that “if we want better classroom learning for students, we have to create superb professional learning and working conditions for those who teach them” (Hargreaves, 2000, p. 175). This training could take place within Professional Learning Communities, which implies enhancing collective responsibility, shared practice and collaboration to improve students´ learning. (Jaipal & Figg, 2011). The true changes in education are of a social nature, since they promote changes in social practices, social organization and in the shared language (Kemmis & McTaggart, 1988).

Collaboration between teachers does not always enable significant progress. Hargreaves (1994) sets up that all collective work between teachers is not a form of real collaboration, and suggests the moving mosaic to promote changes in schools. It is a way of collaboration with diffuse and flexible limits, and the group collaborates with dynamic and real response. Teachers create their own collaboration spaces, in order to facilitate their own autonomy and their own desire, generating a positive feeling (Hargreaves, 2004). Moving mosaic has a disadvantage that might cause uncertainty, although it could be resolve by a good leadership (Hargreaves & Shirley, 2009). By means of it, the group gets security and the capacity of gathering around a common objective. This role can be assumed either by one teacher or a whole group that guide their colleagues and help them overcome fears.

Learning improvement is not unique of a teacher or a school, the real social change lies within a better education, in learning with the nearest schools. This process, known as lateral learning (Hargreaves & Shirley, 2009), allows schools to learn about their best practices. In our case, by developing action-research practices with teachers from three schools and University researches, we are able to share actions and reflections about innovation processes of inclusive and participative education. In addition, the teachers have autonomy to control their own practice and participatory democracy (Greenwood & Levin, 2007; Stringer, 2014).

Method

Our study is focused on a school from the region of Segovia (Spain). Seven teachers at this school decided to participate in a Teaching Innovation Project led by the Faculty of Education of Segovia to promote inclusive education in kindergarten classrooms. This Project, based on action-research, involves three schools in the region. The first step was to respond to the demand of theoretical training about inclusive education. After this action, all schools agreed to implement a new action in these classrooms which would encourage family participation. The inclusive practice involves interactive groups (Elboj & Niemelä, 2010; Valls & Kyriakides, 2013), where students work in small groups with the supervision of a community adult in each group. This adult is responsible for facilitating the interactions between the students. The Project was based on the methodology of participatory action-research, following the three cyclical phases proposed by Stringer (Stringer, 2004, 2014): Think, Act, and Look. These three phases were developed in five cycles of one month each. (1) The Think phase was carried out with all the teachers and researches in the group. It was performed once a month in the Faculty of Education, and we explained all the limitations observed in the class and thought of new proposals for improvement. (2) In each school, during the Act phase developed in groups, the teachers worked in new materials which were later tested and used to draw conclusions. And (3) the Look phase was carried out in two ways, by the teachers’ reflections on the action, and by observation and interviews by the University team. The analysis and reflection about the information started a new cycle. The final analysis was made in a conclusion meeting with the exposition of the evaluation of each teacher and the University team, and a final reflection.

Expected Outcomes

The teachers of the school being studied have gained autonomy to find solutions in the classroom. They have created a school group that meet weekly to analyse the problems that encountered. In that group, the teachers explain the difficulties they face when implementing interactive groups, and think of collective solutions. This process entails the construction of a collective professional identity in that school, that shows the participation of other teachers of in the school. At the beginning of the new course, all the teachers in kindergarten participate in the Project. This shows that collective reflection enables transformation in the school. The participation in the Project is shown as a major issue. Teachers think it is important to share experiences with teachers from other schools that have the same interests. This approach allows them to know other experiences with the same work with interactive groups, and offers different points of view on teaching practice. It is a model of lateral learning, a concept that permits extending the collaboration and the best practices among schools. The University team has been perceived as a key factor in the process. They initiate the Project and still train the teacher in inclusive education, especially in interactive groups. However, the principal action is the support for the process in the practice of interactive groups and in the transformation of schooling. This experience shows how important university is in the process of innovation of schools and to what extend it can train, support, and establish relations among teachers.

References

Ainscow, M., Booth, T., & Dyson, A. (2006). Improving schools, developing inclusion. London: Routledge. Apple, M., & Beane, J. (2007). Democratic schools: Lesson in powerful education. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann. Elboj, C., & Niemelä, R. (2010). Sub-communities of Mutual Learners in the Classroom: The case of Interactive groups, Revista de Psicodidáctica, 15(2), 177-189. Flecha, R., & Soler, M. (2013). Turning difficulties into possibilities: engaging Roma families and students in school through dialogic learning. Cambridge Journal of Education, 43(4), 451-465. Greenwood, D. J., & Levin, M. (2007). Introduction to action research. Social research for social change (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Hargreaves, A. (1994). Changing Teachers, Changing Times: Teachers' Work and Culture in the Postmodern Age. New York: Teacher College Press. Hargreaves, A. (1998). The emotional politics of teaching and teacher development: with implications for educational leadership. International Journal of Leadership in Education: Theory and Practice, 1(4), 315-336. Hargreaves, A. (2000). Four Ages of Professionalism and Professional Learning. Teachers and Teaching: theory and practice, 6(2), 151-182. Hargreaves, A. (2004). Inclusive and exclusive educational change: emotional responses of teachers and implications for leadership. School Leadership & Management: Formerly School Organization, 24(3), 287-309. Hargreaves, A., & Shirley, D. (2009). The fourth way. The inspiring future for educational change. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin INCLUD-ED consortium (2009). Educational Success in Europe. Brussels: European Commission. Directorate General for Research. Jaipal, K., & Figg, C. (2011). Collaborative action research approaches promoting professional development for elementary school teachers. Educational Action Research, 19(1), 59-72. Kemmis, S., & McTaggart, R. (1988). The Action Research Planner. Melbourne: Deakin University. Stringer, E. (2004). Action Research in Education. Apple Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Stringer, E. (2014). Action Research (4ª ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Valls, R. & Kyriakides, L. (2013). The power of Interactive Groups: how diversity of adults volunteering in classroom groups can promote inclusion and success for children of vulnerable minority ethnic populations. Cambridge Journal of Education, 43(1), 17-33.

Author Information

José J. Barba (presenting / submitting)
Universidad de Valladolid
Departamento de Pedagogía
Segovia
University of Valladolid
Ávila
Universidad de Valladolid
Didáctica de la Expresión Musical, Plástica y Corporal
Palencia

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