The Teachers Monographic Workshop, A Groupal Apparatus For Taming Wild Thoughts
Author(s):
Patrick Geffard (presenting / submitting)
Conference:
ECER 2015
Format:
Paper

Session Information

Paper Session

Time:
2015-09-09
17:15-18:45
Room:
101.Oktatóterem [C]
Chair:
Susann Hofbauer

Contribution

The proposal comes under Research Network number 10 on “Teacher education research” and also under Research Network number 15 entitled “Research on Partnerships in Education”.

Research regarding the proposal originates with the creation, by its author in the 90s, of a Teacher Training Seminar at the Karlsruhe High School of Pedagogy (Pädagogische Hoschule Karlsruhe, Germany). The Seminar theme was the relationship between the acquisition of French as a second language through the use of children's literature and the pupil’s construction of personality. In this training, it was proposed to small groups of students to consider some books for children and to produce a study in group situation, taking into account their subjective involvement (Penot, 1994) in the encounter with the literary work. Texts and analyzes made during the Seminar were then shared between groups of students.

The second step, regarding current research and the proposed communication, concerns a teacher training experience conducted within the University (Master "Professions of teaching, education and training"). An attempt to transpose cooperative teaching practices has been made in this context. The cooperative practices used in this experimentation were the monographic writing (Vasquez et Oury, 1967) and the cooperative correspondence (Freinet, 1925). Two groups of teachers in training, from two different Universities, were involved (Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis University and Cergy-Pontoise University). Both groups produced an elaborative work around their first professional experiences, their thinking being written partly through the exchanges organized between students. Beyond the teacher professional training and links with it, the aim is to think about the effects of these cooperative practices on the evolution of the subjective position of young teachers in the phase of their professional debut. We shall pay particular attention to resonance phenomenas (Blanchard-Laville, 2013) in the psychic processes involved, to the extent that in the mental space (Bion, 1965) of the class, it’s not only the transfer of knowledge which is at stake, but also the transference relationship (Freud, 1937) which is activated or reactivated.

But as the working group is not only a writing workshop because of its interactions with another group through the cooperative correspondence, we are also interested in the manner in which the writing devices and exchanges are likely used to convey something of the emotional experience (Bion, 1962) encountered in the classroom space. We will show how the writing procedures can be a carrier of a new lived experience (Ogden, 2005), beyond the transmission of information or knowledge.

Finally, the materials collected during the training of teachers at the beginning of their careers will be presented and analyzed in connection with the concepts of Balint function (Delion, 2007) and talking-as-dreaming during teaching sessions (Bibby, 2014). Reference to these concepts comes largely from a collaboration in place since 2014 between a team of Senior Lecturers and Professors from The Institute of Education (London) and the clinical team of the Department of Educational Sciences from the Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis University.

Method

In order to conduct our work, an analysis was carried out on research material collected during the use and development of the experimental groupal apparatus previously presented. The main research question is an attempt to enlighten the way the emotional experience met during the professional practice can be elaborated through the work made within the monographic workshop, an apparatus which includes the use of the exchanges made through the cooperative correspondence between students. This research is part of the approaches that consider the recognition of the subjectivity of the researcher is not an obstacle to the possibility of building a scientific approach, but, on the contrary, that the use of this consideration in the human sciences carries specific heuristics capabilities that are hardly achievable by other means. The proposed analysis therefore belong to an approach in which "The scientific study of man [...] shall operate the subjectivity inherent in any observation by considering it as the royal road to true objectivity rather than fictitious" (Devereux, 1967, p. 16). The method used is that of the clinical approach implemented in the field of education and training. In the context of this proposal, it should be noted that the term "clinic" is not used in the sense of psychopathology or therapeutic, but it is to be taken in the sense of attention to mental processes convened in regular professional situations. This approach is used in the framework of the research because it “is able to identify, from singular cases, the mental mechanisms or the psychic systems developed in the situations studied and therefore able to detect them as potentially active in any situation coming under the same category” (Blanchard-Laville et al, 2005). This is an approach that simultaneously pursues two objectives: to take account of the personal involvement and the search for meaning (Ciccone, 1998). Specifically, it is the conscious and unconscious processes (in the Freudian sense) occurring during the testing of new groupal devices that are the focus of research. The research material is collected through two instruments: - Collection of the reflexive texts produced by teachers in training who produced a monographic essay and practiced the cooperative correspondence between students. - Research-aimed interviews with formative of teachers who conduct monographic groupal apparatus in other Universities or Institutes.

Expected Outcomes

The research on which this proposal is made is still in progress, but, nevertheless, the communication will exhibit in the last part the preliminary findings. The analysis of the first conducted interviews and the analysis of materials collected from students who participated in the monographic writing and cooperative correspondence devices already allows the formulation of initial hypotheses related to the procedures whereby a metabolization of the affects may occurs during the work on the first professional experiences, for young teachers or for student teachers. Analyzing these materials shall enable us to better understand the ongoing processes within the proposed devices and how the same devices can allow those involved not to stay under the influence of a mutilating splitting that would separate the individual subjective dimension from the professional and social dimension. The clinical analysis used in the research already allows some assumptions about the ways in which situations initially characterized by the inhibition of thinking or the will of hold can be transformed into new experiences of thought and how some psychic dynamics can be active or reactivated. From the first search results obtained, the monographic workshop that was already understood as a group psychical envelope (Anzieu, 1999), becomes, by the complexity of the devices, a mental space functioning as a "diffractive mirror" that can help to elaborate the first professional experiences, and, more specifically, that can help to transform traumatic affects.

References

Bibby, T. (2014). Thinking and learning? On (not) sleeping in the classroom. Psychoanalysis, Culture and Society (to be published, February 2015). Bion, W.R. (1997). Taming Wild Thoughts. London: Karnac. Bion, W.R. (1965). Transformations. Change from Learning to Growth. London: Heinemann. Bion, W.R. (1962). Learning from Experience. London: Karnac. Blanchard-Laville, C. (2013). Au risque d’enseigner. Paris: PUF. Blanchard-Laville, C., P. Geffard, P. (coord.) (2009). Processus inconscients et pratiques enseignantes. Paris: L’Harmattan. Blanchard-Laville, C. Chaussecourte, P. Hatchuel, F. Pechberty, B. (2005). Recherches cliniques d’orientation psychanalytique dans le champ de l’éducation et de la formation. Revue Française de Pédagogie, 151, 111-162. Ciccone, A. (1998). L’observation clinique. Paris : Dunod. Delion, P. (2007). La fonction Balint. Sa place dans l’enseignement et dans la formation psychothérapique et son effet porteur dans la relation soignants-soignés. Vie sociale et traitements, 95, 48-52 Freinet, C. (1964). Les techniques Freinet de l’École moderne. Paris: Armand Colin Geffard, P. (2014). Le groupe de pairs de la pédagogie institutionnelle : un espace psychique partagé ? Revue de psychothérapie psychanalytique de groupe, 62, 183-195 Geffard, P. (2010). Geschichte der Institutionellen Pädagogik, ein kurzer Abriss. Fragen und Versuche, 131, 54-58. Geffard, P. (2010). Le tissage des liens professionnels dans la classe coopérative. Dynamiques psychiques en classe et en groupe de praticiens de la pédagogie institutionnelle. Thèse de doctorat. Université Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense.. Ogden, T. H. (2005). This art of psychoanalysis: dreaming undreamt dreams and interrupted cries. London : Routledge. Oury, J. (1980). L’angoisse et l’école. Dans Onze heures du soir à La Borde. Essais sur la psychothérapie institutionnelle (p. 143-156). Paris: Galilée. Oury, F. et Vasquez, A. (1967). Vers une pédagogie institutionnelle. Paris: Maspero. Stein, C. (1989). En quel lieu, dans quel cadre, à quelles fins parler de ses patients ? Études freudiennes, 31, 9-28. Vincent, H. (2007/3). Ne pas céder sur le cas clinique. Cas et savoir. Journal Français de Psychiatrie, 30, 16-21.

Author Information

Patrick Geffard (presenting / submitting)
Université Paris 8
Educational Sciences
Paris

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