Where Learning meets Leadership: Engaging Teacher Learning from school leaders’ perspectives
Author(s):
Livia Anna Julia Roessler (presenting / submitting) Evi Agostini (presenting)
Conference:
ECER 2016
Format:
Poster

Session Information

26 SES 04.5 PS, General Poster Session

General Poster Session

Time:
2016-08-24
12:00-13:30
Room:
NM-Concourse Area
Chair:

Contribution

There is general agreement that teachers assume a wide range of roles to support student learning and their success. Furthermore, there is a common assumption that they are important leaders for schools as “learning organisations” (cf. Schratz & Steiner-Löffler ,1998).

In Austria and Italy, in order to develop teachers’ professional competences, teachers are required attend external training courses with pedagogical offers chosen by educational authorities. Unfortunately, there’s often an arbitrary selection of theory-based input which do not align with the real and specific professional needs of teachers. Moreover, there is a discrepancy between the general theoretical description and the real learning situation of students in their schools. School leaders often have minimal or no influence on the choice of their teachers’ professional educational development. Nevertheless, to improve student learning leaders have to have a clear idea on what teacher learning could be and when it occurs during everyday school life. Following a phenomenological-pedagogical understanding of learning, based on an understanding of “learning as experience” (Meyer-Drawe, 2010) the proposal perceives teacher learning as a phenomenon somewhere occurring between reproductivity and productivity, between the “self” and the “alien”, between “order” and “chaos” where it forms polarities which allow “a scale of intermediate possibilities” (Waldenfels, 1997, p. 89). “Responding to unexpected demands that disrupt an existing order and change the conditions of understanding and agreement”, it allows a “productive form of response” and we can “find the paradox of a creative response which we have not yet been able to give” (Waldenfels 1997, p. 53; translated by the authors). “Such experience[s] [are] crisscrossed by fault lines [...] in which movements break open and down and the new comes to the surface” (Waldenfels 2006, p. 9; translated by the authors). In everyday school life it seems essential to give such teacher learning appropriate space. As recent studies (cf. Sheppard, Brown & Dibbon, 2009) point out, school leaders can play a catalytic and supporting role in this context, having faster and more reliable access to research results. As a result, leaders can have a supporting function and therefore narrow or widen the range of creative responses of teachers (cf. Ball, Maguire & Brown, 2012). They foster teacher learning not just by shaping schools environments but also by school leadership behaviours (cf. Stein & Spillane 2005, p. 34). As a consequence, school leaders need to have a certain understanding of leadership. According to Leithwood and Riehl (2005, p. 13f.) leadership implies “social relationships and serves social ends, leadership involves purpose and direction, leadership is an influence process, leadership is a function, conceptual and contingent.” Only in line with this interpretation of learning and leadership, school leaders can become the agents of teacher leadership.

The purpose of the study is to explore the necessary intuitional conditions, tools and leadership practises in order to support and sustain teachers in their learning process. Therefore it will be asked which specific leadership practices lead to the success of new teacher roles and responsibilities as well as to enhanced student learning? What are the learning options given to teachers by their leaders in their schools in order to contribute to schools' success? And which concrete tools engage teacher learning without the need to resort to external educational offers?

As one tool for professional development we would like to propose vignettes (cf. Schratz, Schwarz & Westfall-Greiter, 2012; Baur & Peterlini, 2016). Focusing on the experience of learning, vignettes have the potential to address learning experiences as well as to raise awareness of school teachers own learning and their influence on students learning.

Method

Following the phenomenology-based research design of the “Vignette Research” (Schratz, Schwarz & Westfall-Greiter, 2012; Baur & Peterlini, 2016) the project is based on data, carried out in field work at middle schools across the South Tyrolian region of Italy and from a pilot project launched by the provincial government of Tyrol (“Modellregion Bildung Zillertal”). Understanding learning as experience (cf. Meyer-Drawe, 2010), the challenge for researchers is how to capture possible learning experiences while in the field. With the goal of maximizing the shared experience, researchers in the field attempt to stay open and particularly attentive to pathic elements such as atmosphere, facial and bodily expressions and tone of voice. These details are noted by researchers in protocols which then form the basis for writing the vignettes. Vignettes are “thick descriptions” (Geertz, 1991) of the lived experience of the researchers and, as close as possible, to the experience of the pupils in the field. Due to the linguistic expansion, vignettes are most accurately understood as a form of literary non-fiction. To ensure that researchers communicate as completely as possible the essence of the pupils’ experience without interpretation, the individual genesis of a vignette is first documented, then communicatively validated with the subjects in the field and with the research team through a workshop method. As required, the data collected from the school experience is triangulated with other methodological approaches such as focus groups and interviews. Over a one-year period, a team of researchers specifically studied diverse classroom communities at 32 school sites across Austria and the South Tyrolian region of Italy, as well as cooperating with teachers and school leaders from seven New Middle Schools in the Zillertal region. In carrying out this field work, in 2013/14 as well as 2015 each researcher spent a minimum of two days in the field on three different occasions to obtain data. Once vignettes have been crafted, they become the primary data for phenomenological analysis, a process which is referred to as “vignette reading”. With the aim of intensifying the experience, a vignette generates surpluses for the readers and addresses their bodily responsiveness. In reading a vignette, readers engage in their experience, holding back from categorizing and explaining in order to uncover, peel off and add layers of understanding to what is given.

Expected Outcomes

The aim of this paper is to emphasize the sphere of influence of leaders in and beyond the classroom. The expected outcome of the study is to show the influence of leaders engagement in the personal learning process of teachers in order to gain a new perspective on school teachers own learning – based on learning experiences by both teachers and students. In particular through vignettes, it allows a closer examination of learning situations (teachers and students) in their own environment, dealing with their unique demands. Another expected outcome is to provide a new facet to be included for teacher and leadership training. We expect the study to show that school leaders and teachers who want to foster creative responses would have to redefine their role and should not see themselves as outside the learning process. Only the implementation of the process and the simultaneous active participation of leaders, teachers and students can make learning truly creative and leadership truly successful. The results are relevant for all schools in an European context. The accessibility of vignettes allows for a variety of discussions and understandings and expands the technical and professional horizon of reflection of teachers and leaders. In addition, vignettes allow for an understanding to emerge of the overall structures and patterns of the educational field. Therefore, by working closely with the research partners, the results can be used for the professional development of school leaders and teachers as well as for school improvement.

References

Ball, S. J., Maguire, M. & Braun, A. (2012). How Schools Do Policy: Policy Enactments in Secondary Schools. London/New York: Routledge. Baur, S. & Peterlini, H. K. (2016, in press). An der Seite des Lernens. Erfahrungsprotokolle aus dem Unterricht an Südtiroler Schulen – ein Forschungsbericht (mit einem Vorwort von Käte Meyer-Drawe und einem Nachwort von Michael Schratz. Gastbeiträge von Dietmar Larcher und Stefanie Risse). Innsbruck, Wien, Bozen: Studienverlag. Geertz, C. (1999). [1973]. Dichte Beschreibung. Beiträge zum Verstehen kultureller Systeme (transl. by B. Luchesi and R. Bindemann). Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp. Leithwood K. & Riehl, C. (2005). What Do We Already Know About Educational Leadership? In Firestone, W.A. & Riehl, C. (Eds.), A New Agenda In Research in Educational Leadership (pp. 12-27). New York: Teacher College Press. Meyer-Drawe, K. (2010). Zur Erfahrung des Lernens. Eine phänomenologische Skizze. Filosofija, 18(3), 6-17. Schratz, M., Schwarz, J. F., & Westfall-Greiter, T. (2012). Lernen als (bildende) Erfahrung. Vignetten in der Praxisforschung. Innsbruck, Wien, Bozen: Studienverlag. Schratz, M. & Steiner-Löffler, U. (1998). Die Lernende Schule. Arbeitsbuch pädagogische Schulentwicklung. Weinheim: Beltz. Sheppard, B., Brown, J. & Dibbon, D. (2009). School District Leadership Matters. Studies in Educational Leadership, Vol. 8. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. Stein, M. K. & Spillane, J. (2005). What can researchers on educational leadership learn from research on teaching? Building a bridge. In Firestone, W. A. & Riehl, C. (Eds.), A New Agenda In Research in Educational Leadership (pp. 28-45). New York: Teacher College Press. Waldenfels, B. (1997). Topographie des Fremden. Studien zur Phänomenologie des Fremden 1. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp. Waldenfels, B. (2006). Grundmotive einer Phänomenologie des Fremden. Frankfurt am Main.

Author Information

Livia Anna Julia Roessler (presenting / submitting)
University of Innsbruck
School of Education
Innsbruck
Evi Agostini (presenting)
Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck
School of Education
Innsbruck

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