From the Inside Out: An Ethnographic Arts-Based Study of Mother-Scholars
Author(s):
Anna CohenMiller (presenting / submitting)
Conference:
ECER 2016
Format:
Paper

Session Information

ERG SES H 10, Gender and Education

Paper Session

Time:
2016-08-23
11:00-12:30
Room:
OB-H1.51
Chair:

Contribution

In the Spring of 2014, I conducted an intensive qualitative dissertation study examining the phenomenon of doctor student motherhood to support recruitment, retention, and equity for women in academe (CohenMiller, 2014). In the United States as well as in Europe, there is a growing number of women entering academic fields, yet not moving into full academic positions. According to the European Commission on She Figures-Gender in Research and Innovation (2012), “women represented only 44% of grade C academic staff, 37% of grade B academic staff and 20% of grade A academic staff” (p. 6). Furthermore, additional reports indicate the consistent lower pay for women in academe in the UK and throughout Europe (Catalyst, .

 

Now, approximately two years later, this current study reconnects with the mother-scholars to establish a longitudinal understanding of the trajectory of doctoral student mothers as they move throughout their doctoral program and into their future careers. The study seeks to examine experiences as a part of understanding why women/mother-scholars (Lapayese, 2012) are falling through the cracks in the academic pipeline despite an increase in enrollment and employment. Unique to this work is the longitudinal nature of examining academic motherhood and an integration of arts-based methods (Leavy, 2009) to promote a larger audience for dissemination of the findings. While there are a growing number of research reports studying academic mothers, such as seminal pieces by Evans and Grant (2008) and Mason, Goulden, and Wolfinger, (2006), this study adds an important component by following the mother-scholars as they culminate their academic graduate studies and move on with their journey.

 

The objectives of this study are twofold: (1) to uncover the experiences of mother-scholars along the academic pipeline to help illuminate reasons for the forward movement (or lack thereof) throughout academe and (2) to reveal potential support systems that could be development/refined within departments and institutions. To that end, using sociocultural theory as guided by Holland, Skinner, Lachiocotte, and Cain (1998), the study centers on the research questions: (A) what are the experiences of mother-scholars as they move from doctoral study into future careers? (B) what support systems can be developed/refined within departments and institutions to support recruitment, retention, and equity for women/mother-scholars in academe?

Method

This ethnographic study examines the lives of three women across time and geography. It follows mother-scholars over the course of four months, with both synchronous and asynchronous discussions/interviews, journaling, and arts-based creations (Leavy, 2009). The participants included in this study all became mothers for the first time while in their doctoral program in the United States. Currently one has transitioned into an academic position abroad, another has moved out of the state to an academic-related, but non-university job, and the third is finishing her dissertation. Pivotal to understanding the experiences of the mother-scholars is a participatory/collaborative approach integrating the use of emergent arts-based methods (Hesse-Biber & Leavy, 2006). It is a multisited study, utilizing various online sites such as Facebook as part of the ethnography (Baker, 2013) to generate discussion, narratives, and documentation of the lives of the mother-scholars. The use of technology provides a way in which to broach the countries in which they (and I) live/work: United States, Kazakhstan, and New Zealand. Furthermore, as a collaborative study, this ethnography focuses on researching with the mother-scholars instead of at them, as adapted from Harper’s (2009) participatory digital/visual research process. It uses collaboration as a cornerstone for understanding the lived experiences of the doctoral student mothers as they have continued their career journey. In this regard, the aim is to create interpretative ethnographic texts (Denzin 1997) that address the experiences and potential solutions of mother-scholars. The collaborative processes involve multiple aspects of the research design including data collection (e.g., narratives, photos, drawings, blogs posts), data analysis, and dissemination of results.

Expected Outcomes

The increasing number of women in higher education showcases burgeoning gender equality and sociocultural equality. However, as women complete their doctoral programs, the opportunities for positions that provide support for individuals and families are often limited. Often what this has meant is that women, and mothers, fall through the cracks in the academic pipeline (Wolfinger, Mason, & Goulden, 2008). Similar to in the U.S., European nations have seen an increase of women entering higher education. The need to understand the experiences of women in the academe is essential for promoting recruitment, retention, and equity in education. By studying the experiences of doctoral student mothers who have continued their journeys can reveal important insights internationally. Through the collaborative study of doctoral student mothers and their career journey, this study attempts to expand our socio-cultural understanding and attitude towards mother-scholars. In other words, the experiences of mother-scholars, those of which have been unheard can be highlighted and examined in the light of recruitment, retention, and equity for women in academe. In this manner, there is also an emergence of additional insights into potential solutions to address the multifaceted challenges experienced at personal, institutional, and cultural levels.

References

CohenMiller, A. S. (2014). The phenomenon of doctoral student motherhood/mothering in academe: Cultural construction, presentation of self, and situated learning. (PhD Dissertation), University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX. Baker, S. (2013). Conceptualising the use of Facebook in ethnographic research: As tool, as data and as context. Ethnography and Education. 8(2), pp. 131-145. Denzin, N. K. (1997). Interpretive ethnography: Ethnographic practices for the 21st century. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. European Commission. She figures: Gender in research and innovation: Statistics and indicators. Luxemburg: European Union, 2012. Print. Evans, E., & Grant, C. (2008). Mama PhD: Women write about motherhood and academic life. Piscataway: Rutgers University Press. Harper, K. (2009) New directions in participatory visual ethnography: Possibilities for public anthropology. Presented at American Anthropological Association meetings, Philadelphia, PA. Hesse-Biber, S. & Leavy, P. (Eds.). (2006). Emergent methods in social research. London: Sage Publications. Holland, D., William L., Jr., Skinner, D., & Cain, C. (1998). Identity and agency in cultural worlds. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Leavy, Patricia. (2009). Method meets art: Arts-based research practice. New York: Guilford Press. Mason, M. A., Goulden, M., & Wolfinger, N. H. (2006). Babies matter: Pushing the gender equity revolution forward. In S. J. Bracken, J. K. Allen & D. R. Dean (Eds.), The balancing act: Gendered perspectives in faculty roles and work lives (pp. 9-29). Sterling, VA: Stylus. Lapayese, Y. V. (2012). Mother-scholar: (Re)imagining K-12 education. The Netherlands: Sense Publishers. Wolfinger, N. H., Mason, M. A., & Goulden, M. (2008). Problems in the pipeline: Gender, marriage, and fertility in the ivory tower. The Journal of Higher Education, 79(4), 388-405. doi: 10.2307/25144681

Author Information

Anna CohenMiller (presenting / submitting)
Nazarbayev University
Graduate School of Education
Astana

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