University within School: Evaluation of a New Teacher Education Model
Author(s):
Mustafa Ozcan (presenting / submitting) Bengi Birgili (presenting)
Conference:
ECER 2016
Format:
Paper

Session Information

10 SES 02 A, School Based Teacher Education and University-School Partnerships (Part 2)

Paper Session continued from 10 SES 01 A

Time:
2016-08-23
15:15-16:45
Room:
NM-G107
Chair:
Julia Planer

Contribution

Teaching is a special and significant profession (Author, 2011).As it is in recognized professions (AFT, 2012), such as medicine, the education of teachers must be based on scientific knowledge and practice in the workplace (AACTE, 2010; Darling-Hammond, 1999, 2006; Darling-Hammond & Lieberman, 2012). The implemented model, University within School (UwS), suggests that teachers should be educated through partnership between universities and schools. College of education faculty should have offices in partner schools, experienced teachers in partner schools teach teacher education courses as adjunct faculty, and education courses are taught in partner schools. In a four-year program, the first two years of teacher education are university-based, and the second half is K-12-based. When teacher candidates reach the third year, in the first semester, they are placed in one of the partner schools as a full-time teacher assistant. The next semester, they continue working as a teacher assistant in a different partner school located in a different socio-economic neighborhood. When the candidates reach the fourth year, they begin their yearlong student teaching, which will be completed in two different partner schools. The work of teacher assistants and student teachers start and end by the calendar of K-12 schools, not by the calendar of universities. A full implementation of the model requires four years (Author, 2013). This model was implemented through a partnership between MEF University-College of Education and K-12 schools in İstanbul, Turkey since 2014-2015 teaching year. The six main goals of the model are as follows: (1) To educate knowledgeable, skillful, and virtuous teachers able to teach all students, regardless of how diverse they are. (2) To provide professional development for K-12 teachers through graduate studies, in-service education, co-teaching and joint research projects. (3) To provide professional development for college faculty through teaching and co-teaching in K-12 classes, doing research on local educational problems and participation in other K-12 school activities. (4) To facilitate the collaboration of college faculty, school teachers, and teacher candidates to conduct research studies on local educational problems and develop solutions. (5) To improve K-12 student achievement in K-12 partner schools. (6) To create a signature model of teacher education, which can inspire teacher education programs in Turkey and around the world.

This model has a unique implementation opportunity and the model, first of all, was implemented in a public middle school located in a disadvantaged neighborhood in the town of Sarıyer in İstanbul.  Four faculty members from the Department of Mathematics Education in MEF University were appointed as adjunct math teacher to teach mathematics lessons to 5th grade students who were in the first year of a four-year middle school. In the 5th grade there is a total of five hours math class every week, which is taught in three days. The purpose of this research is to evaluate this unique new teacher education model, UwS in light of its six main goals. The primary significance of this study is that there is no study, which focuses on a novice model for teacher education in Turkey. Therefore, this study may be the first, which we believe contributes to the literature in terms of teacher education programs, inquiry of what being a good teacher is and what kind of knowledge, skills or dispositions the teacher candidates should have. 5th grade students’, academicians’, some administrative stakeholders’ and tutors’ perceptions about the model were investigated. This unique case will shed light on a new perspective of comparative studies on teacher education models.

Method

This study investigated a descriptive perspective (Creswell, 2003) on evaluation of University within School Teacher Education model. It was explored the views of 81 (F=36; M=45) 5th grade elementary school students; 10 academicians (F=7; M=3), whose aged of 26-65 and mostly experience in 10 to 19 years; 11 administrative stakeholders (F=10; M=1) whose aged of 25-65 and work experience is mostly in years 20 and 29; and 31 tutors who were undergraduate students studied with the elementary school students. Likert-type scales were administrated to each participant. Different scales were prepared by the researchers to 5th graders, administrative stakeholders, academicians and tutors. Each scale was checked by an independent academician for content, face validity and language. The students’ scale consisted of seven 5-point Likert type items (1: not being knowledgeable/ not good, 5: very knowledgeable/very good). The tutors’ scale was similar to the students’ one. The academicians’ scale consisted of seven items, six of which was about six general aims of UwS Model. Also the administrative stakeholders’ scale was similar to the academicians’ one. The scales have 7-point Likert type items (1: does not occurred, 7: I do not have any idea). 133 participants who enrolled in the study completed the UwS Evaluation Scale which was developed by the researchers and which consists of ten items in the format of five-point or seven-point Likert scale. The Cronbach reliability coefficient of the scales were range from .86 to .95. The participants’ responses to open-ended questions in the UwS evaluation scales was conducted using content analysis (Strauss & Corbin, 2008). Widely used in the social sciences, this method consists of screening a document and counting the frequency of occurrence of words or concepts, which can then be grouped according to similarity in meaning. To ensure reliability of the coding, the researchers reviewed the data independently and constructed their own sets of categorizations. Comparing the categorizations determined that 80% of the categories were similar; revisions were made to address areas of inconsistency, and to maximize mutual exclusivity. The students were asked to share their thought and feelings about the mathematics teachers. In addition, the academicians, administrative stakeholders and tutors also had an opportunity to write about their feelings and thoughts on the six general aims of the model, and effect of the study on their professional development.

Expected Outcomes

The findings of the study indicated that 82.7% of 5th graders reported that mathematics teachers was very helpful, they were very knowledgeable about the content (86.4%) and their teaching method was very successful (85.2%). The model was also evaluated in terms of the tutors, being taught the students one hour per week. 56.8% of the students who had studied with a tutor informed that the tutor was very knowledgeable and their teaching method were very good. Open-ended part of the scale indicated content knowledge of the teachers, method the teachers used and dispositions of teachers. It can be highlighted that the students have had positive perception toward the model. In addition, 30% of academicians’ notified that Aim 1, Aim 2, Aim 3 partially substantiated. 20% of the academicians notified that Aim 4 was partially verified, 30% of them stated Aim 5 was also partially confirmed, and 20% of them emphasized that Aim 6 was partially substantiated. %30 of them also indicated that the model provided partially personal and professional contribution. Moreover, administrative stakeholders’ views indicated that Aim 1 was partially substantiated (30%), Aim 2 was partially substantiated (54.5%), Aim 3 was partially verified (36.4%), Aim 4 was either partially verified or does not occurred (36.4%), Aim 5 was also partially confirmed (45.5%), and Aim 6 was partially substantiated (45.5%). Finally, the participant administrators (45.5%) also indicated that the model provided partially personal and professional contribution during the academic term. Descriptive statistics results showed the six goals of the model were partially confirmed through one-year of implementation. Open-ended parts of UwS scales revealed teachers’ dispositions, teaching methods during instruction and their knowledge about the content. These preliminary results will also be compared with the one gathered and evaluated with the new participants’ perceptions from 2015-2016 academic term.

References

American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education (AACTE) (2010). The clinical preparation of teachers: A policy brief. Washington, D.C.: AACTE Publication. America Federation of Teachers (AFT) (2012). Raising the bar: Aligning and elevating teacher preparation and the teaching profession. A report of the American Federation of Teachers, Teacher Preparation Task Force. AFT- A Union of Professionals Publication. Association of Teacher Educators (ATE) (2003). Standards for teacher educators. http://www.ate1.org/pubs/Standards.cfm Author (2011). Creswell, J. W. (2003). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed method approaches (2nd ed.) Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Darling-Hammond, L. (1999). Teaching as the Learning Profession: Handbook of Policy and Practice. Jossey-Bass Education Series. Darling-Hammond, L. (2006). Powerful teacher education: Lessons from exemplary programs. California: Jossey-Bass: A Wiley Imprint. Darling-Hammond, L. & Lieberman, A. (Eds.) (2012). Teacher education around the world: Changing policies and practices. London and New York: Routledge Taylor and Francis. Goodwin, A. L. (2012). Quality teachers, Singapore style. In Darling-Hammond, L. & Lieberman, A. (Eds.) Teacher education around the world: Changing policies and practices. New York: Routledge Taylor and Francis. Hammerness, K., Tartvijk, J., & Snoek, M. (2012). Teacher preparation in Netherlands: Shared visions and common features. In Darling-Hammond, L. & Lieberman, A. (Eds.) Teacher education around the world: Changing policies and practices. New York: Routledge Taylor and Francis Maandag, D. W., Deinum, J. F., Hofman, W. H. A., & Buitink, J. (2007). Teacher education in schools: An international comparison. European Journal of Teacher Education, 30(2), 151-173. Ministry of National Education (MEB) (2006). General Qualification of Teaching Profession. Retrieved from: http://otmg.meb.gov.tr/YetGenel.html National Council for the Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE) (2010). Transforming teacher education through clinical practice: A national strategy to prepare effective teachers, Report of the Blue Ribbon Panel on Clinical Preparation and Partnerships for Improved Student Learning. NCATE Publications. Author (2013). Strauss, J. & Corbin, A. (2008). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Author Information

Mustafa Ozcan (presenting / submitting)
MEF University
Istanbul
Bengi Birgili (presenting)
MEF University, Turkey

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