Intercultural Teacher Competence Profiler (ITCP) - Psychometric properties and validation of scales for assessing self-regulation dimension
Author(s):
Conference:
ECER 2016
Format:
Paper

Session Information

10 SES 09 A, Pedagogy and Programmes for Supporting the Development of Critical Thinking, Self-reflection and Wellbeing in Pre-service Teachers

Paper Session

Time:
2016-08-25
13:30-15:00
Room:
NM-G107
Chair:
Stella Mouroutsou

Contribution

Due to cultural diversity in modern societies, the ability of intercultural competence has become increasingly significant. Cultural diversity is getting even more complex due to the intensifying forced migration. In Europe, the influx of refugees and migrants has generated polarized public debates of both welcoming and rejection which destabilize existing notions of living together in European spaces. This complex situation confronts schools and teacher education with new challenges related to teachers’ professionalism in dealing with cultural diversity.

 As key actors in education, teachers are required to deal appropriately and productively with cultural diversity in the classroom. However, many in-service and pre-service teachers are monocultural and have little cross-cultural background, knowledge, and experience to bring into the classrooms (Fuller & Ahler, 1987). Based on this rationale, it is not surpassing that 47% of teachers report high or moderate need for professional development for teaching in multicultural setting (OECD, 2010).

 In order to facilitate cultural diversity-related professional development of teacher, Intercultural Teacher Competence Profiler (ITCP) is conceptualized and developed. This work is done in the framework of the project “Serbian Education for Roma Inclusion: Understanding and assessing teachers’ intercultural sensitivity in Serbia” conducted jointly by PHZ, Zug (Switzerland), the Institute of Psychology, Belgrade and Pedagogical Faculty, Vranje (Serbia).

 Intercultural Teacher Competence Profiler (ITCP) is conceptualized as a multi-dimensional instrument that will enables teacher to assess а his/her current level of intercultural competence and to identify professional developmental needs related to a successful and productive teaching of migrant/minority/refugee students and dealing with diversity in the classroom.

The main idea underlying the construction of ITCP was to bridge a gap between intercultural theory of competence development and teacher provisional development theory by  integrating different aspects of intercultural competence (for example, Deardorff, 2009; Perry & Southwell, 2011) with the teaching-specific aspects of competence as defined within the COACTIV model (Baumert & Kunter, 2013), thus creating an instrument capable of assessing intercultural competence distinctive for the school context.

The first step in this endeavor was to identify instruments that measure various aspect of intercultural competence resulted and which are evaluable for use free of charge. This mapping results in a total of 9 instruments. After analyzing the list of instruments and constructs they measure, the main task was to define the dimensions and facets of intercultural teacher competences that would be adequately represented within the COACTIVE model.

This phase of research resulted in conceptualization of three COACTIVE dimensions and 10 facets that belong to these dimensions: 1) Teachers’ beliefs, values and goals (Appreciation of cultural diversity, Ethno-relative worldview, Goals of intercultural education and Attitudes towards integration); (2) Motivational orientation (Intrinsic motivation for dealing with cultural diversity, Self-efficacy in dealing with cultural diversity and Commitment to social justice) and (3) Self-regulation (Flexibility, Emotional self-monitoring and Tolerance of ambiguity).

The aim of the paper is to outline the process of construction, psychometric evaluation and validation of three scales in the self-regulation dimension of teachers’ intercultural competence.

 Facets that belong to self-regulation dimension of teachers’ intercultural competence are defined as following:  

(1.) Teachers’ flexibility to deal with cultural diversity - ability to adjust behavior and to change behavioral patterns in response to unexpected, unknown or constrained situations and circumstances in culturally diverse classroom.

(2.) Teachers’ emotional self-regulation in school specific intercultural situations – ability to consciously observe emotional reactions in stressful intercultural situations and to find appropriate ways to cope with them;

(3.) Teachers’ tolerance of ambiguity in school specific intercultural situations - degree of emotional tolerance related to ambitious and unpredictable school specific intercultural situations; not seeing these situations as emotionally threatening and provoking frustration, anxiety and discomfort.

Method

Based on definitions specified above, in the succeeding phase of research it was proceed with construction of new items and adaptation of the existent ones, with a single goal of creating the according sets of items that would assess intercultural competence in the classroom-specific context. Scale assessment considered several steps of analysis. Each of the steps led to elimination of a number of items. 1. Internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) – reliability analysis pointed to items that are lowering alpha value (alpha coefficient is higher when item deleted) and items that have low item-total correlation were eliminated. 2. Factor structure of each scale was assessed by exploratory factor analysis, in order to verify if the structure of each scale is homogeneous. Principal Axis Factoring has been used as extraction method since data are not normally distributed. Items that had loadings on either than the first factor have been eliminated (in case more than one factor was extracted). Also, items that had low extraction values (less than 0.45) were eliminated as they were not well represented in the common factor space. 3. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted in order to check whether extracted factors matched developed scales. Factor analysis was conducted separately for two forms of scales. In analyses Principal Axis Factoring was applied as a method with Promax rotation. Items that had the highest loadings on factors incongruent with conceptual framework were eliminated. These three steps led to final versions of scales with very high internal consistency and satisfactory number of items: - Teachers’ flexibility to deal with cultural diversity: 6 items; Alpha=.744 - Teachers’ emotional self-regulation in school specific intercultural situations – general: 5 items; Alpha=.841 - Teachers’ tolerance of ambiguity in school specific intercultural situations – general: 8 items; Alpha=.879

Expected Outcomes

At the ECER 2016 conference in Dublin reliability analysis, exploratory factor analysis and concurrent validity analyses of the newly developed scales for assessing self-regulation dimension of teacher intercultural competence will be presented. The data were collected in two samples - 204 students of teacher education faculty in Vranje and 177 students from teacher education faculty in Jagodina (Serbia). For concurrent validation of newly develop scales following instrument are used: Cognitive Flexibility Scale (Martin & Anderson, 2009), Emotion regulation questionnaire (Gross & John, 2003) and Multiple stimulus types ambiguity tolerance scale (McLain, 2009). Furthermore, implication for further research, theory development and implementation of Intercultural Teacher Competence Profiler as a tool for facilitating diversity-related professional development of teachers will be discussed.

References

Baumert, J., & Kunter, M. (2013). The COACTIV model of teachers' professional competence. In M. Kunter, J. Baumert, W. Blum, U. Klusmann, S. Krauss & M. Neubrand (Eds.), Cognitive activation in the mathematics classroom and professional competence of teachers. Results from the COACTIV project (pp. 25-48). New York, NY: Springer Bhawuk, D.P.S & Brislin, R. (1992). The Measurement of Intercultural Sensitivity Using the Concepts of Individualism and Collectivism. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 16, 413-436 Deardorff, D. K. (2009). Synthesizing Conceptualizations of Intercultural Competence: A Summary and Emerging Themes. In D. K. Deardorff (Hrsg.), The SAGE Handbook of Intercultural Competence (S. 265-270). Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications. Fantini, A. E. (2006). Assessment Tools of Intercultural Communicative Competence. Brattleboro, VT. http://www.sit.edu/SITOccasionalPapers/feil_appendix_f.pdf Fuller, J. L., & Ahler, J. (1987). Multicultural education and the monocultural student: A case study, Action in Teacher Education, 9, 33-40. Gross, J.J., & John, O.P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: Implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 348-362. Kelley, C., & Meyers, J. E. (1987).Cross-Cultural Adaptability Inventory manual. Minneapolis, MN: National Computer Systems Koester, J., & Olebe, M. (1988).The behavioral assessment scale for intercultural communication effectiveness. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 12, 233-246. Martin, M. M. & Anderson, M. C. (2009). The cognitive flexibility scale: Three validity studies. Communication Reports, 11 (1). 1-9. McLain, D. (2009). Evidence of the properties of an ambiguity tolerance measure: The multiple stimulus types ambiguity tolerance scale-II (MSTAT-II). Psychological Reports, 105, 875-988. OECD (2010). Educating Teachers for Diversity: Meeting the Challenge, OECD Publishing, Paris Perry, L. B. & Southwell, L. (2011). Developing intercultural understanding and skills: models and approaches. Intercultural Education, 22(6), 453-466. Ruben, B. D. (1976). Assessing communication competency for intercultural adaptation.Group and Organization Studies, 1(3), 334-354. Ruben, B. D., & Kealey, D. J. (1979). Behavioral assessment of communication competency and the prediction of cross-cultural adaptation. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 3, 15-47. Van der Zee, K. I., & van Oudenhoven, J. P. (2000). The Multicultural Personality Questionnaire: A multidimensional instrument of multicultural effectiveness. European Journal of Personality, 14, 291-309.

Author Information

Danijela S. Petrovic (presenting / submitting)
University of Belgrade
Faculty of Philosophy, Department of Psychology
Belagrade
Bruno Leutwyler (presenting)
University of Teacher Education Zug
Institute for International Cooperation in Education IZB
Zug
University of Belgrade, Serbia
Centre for Education Policy
Belgrade
University of Niš
Teacher Education Faculty in Vranje
Vranje

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