Constructive Dissenting Voices: A Case Of Consent About Dissent
Author(s):
Frits Simon (presenting / submitting)
Conference:
ECER 2017
Format:
Paper

Session Information

32 SES 06, Resistance and Dissent as Elements of Organizational Change

Paper Session

Time:
2017-08-23
15:30-17:00
Room:
K3.18
Chair:
Mariagrazia Riva

Contribution

Quite some cases of failure of policy or mismanagement are reported. Mismanagement among others in software companies, financial institutions, institutions for the care of elderly people and institutions for education arouse quite some societal and political dissatisfaction. Resigning board members, judicial investigations or imposed controls are consequences.

Apparently a deterioration within organizations happens gradually. Moreover, in the era of New Public Management the requirement to plan and control is so excessive, that deteriorations lie in ambush. In hindsight often it is a question when and why early warnings were not taken seriously.

As an advisor to the executive board - in practice a bit cloaked as the organizational fool - being aware of the risks for mismanagement of our university and spurred on by a letter of the Dutch Minister and State Secretary of Education, in which they announced the obligation to organize constructive dissenting voices, I instigated a project ‘consent about dissent’ as part of my PhD-research. In a detailed autoethnographic account I reported about what happened.

I wondered whether it would be possible to organize something around dissent without reifying the topic into umpteenth new rules. I assumed that an obligation to organize constructive dissenting voices would be counterproductive as it paradoxically would increase the amount of control and thus potentially deteriorations.

After first discussions with the executive board I organized a think-tank. I approached some (former) deans, the director Finance and Control - known for their critical attitude - and the ombudsman - sometimes confronted with the daily consequences of mismanagement - to explore the possibilities of constructive dissent.

Exploring the subject first of all we acknowledged that a lot of things remain unsaid for different reasons. It was understood that courtesy, anxiety, strategic avoidance and power relatedness play their part. Moreover, the acting of the board was criticized as becoming more and more technocratic. Secondly to practice dissent we proposed to have an open but critical discussion with the board about some issues. In this discussion different experiences with issues which should have been criticized, would be on the agenda. The board agreed. Thirdly both parties prepared and agreed on the conditions for the discussion. For instance: to avoid ‘we versus them’-discussions and only to discuss concrete topics connected to one’s own experience. Fourthly a discussion was held. Stating what one really felt and thought did not occur, despite several attempts to stir up things. The discussions appeared to be a polyvocal orchestra of many divergent and even contradictory arguments. What resulted was an analytically impressive long list of issues concerning a lack of dissent: hierarchy, increased instrumentality, speed and volume in policy, peer pressure and loyalty, resignation, individual priorities, lack of ownership, cautiousness, existing non-feedback habits, lack of quality of input, complexity of some subjects, no evaluative traditions, language games, maintaining myths, external pressures, bad planning and the lack of social interaction with meaninglessness as a consequence. The meeting was summarized by stating that we should take more opportunities to (reflexively) interrupt what we are doing. A follow up meeting was intended.

However, a follow up meeting was never organized and as up to now nobody - apart from me - ever refers to the meeting or the conclusions. Reflections afterwards indicate that intentions were good, but despite differences in opinion courtesy, anxiety, safety and comfort prevailed during the discussion. And I assume still prevail. Despite all the good intentions, the acknowledged need to be in touch with what really happens in daily organizational life, and the wish to forestall deteriorations the discussions fizzled out. So what about needed dissent? 

Method

My research is to be placed within the complexity responsive process-approach, as initiated at the University of Hertfordshire (UK) in the 90s. This approach can be typified as narrative and reflexive research with one’s own experiences as the starting point. Taking one’s own experiences seriously is primarily done in an auto-ethnographic fashion. In this way experiences are connected with broader organizational and theoretical issues. My research has also traces of action research as it aims to enable dissent within a university context. Research in this context comes down to writing in a rather elaborated way about what you are experiencing in your work and trying to understand what is happening by reflecting on your experiences. Discussing these reflections within a learning group and confronting it with existing literature adds to your understanding. The research process is practised similar to one’s daily organizational life in which you act, engage in conversations with other people, read and gather information, get feedback, get angry or happy, negotiate, reflect, gossip, take decisions and keep on being engaged. The research process mirrors the constructional, conversational and rather evolving character of daily organizational life, which at its turn is mirrored in the narratives you write. In learning to understand what is happening in your work, you also learn to understand what it is to do research from a complex responsive process perspective. Narratives about your experiences are the logical and obvious empirical core for this way of doing research. The daily social and mundane activities are the living experience, are the ‘raw material’ in which your life comes true. When organizations are interpreted as co-created conversational social realities, as a fluid pattern constituted by rituals, passions, myths, fantasies, gossip, rumours, formal and informal speech, habits, or as polyvocal and fragmented then narratives provide a basis for describing and understanding what is happening.

Expected Outcomes

 Apparently to get a discussion about dissent going and to keep it going enablers are needed. Given the topic of dissent corporate jesters are needed;  Discussions about dissent cannot transcend common situations in which a lack of dissent is the state of affairs. Despite all the happy managerial jargon of participation relational power is immanent and unescapable;  Management appears not to be a monolithic entity, united and unilaterally trying to control everything (as proclaimed in Critical Management Studies). Managers and members of a board are as uncertain, opportunistic, creative and individualistic as any other member of staff;  For successful educational reform we need to think differently about what management is and might be able to. Why not start a conversation about that?;  Although the discussions fizzled out, I learned that for some of the involved the discussions influenced the way they thought about their work and how they organized their meetings. From a complexity-perspective that might be changing local conversations out of which changing global patterns emerge.

References

Alvesson, M., & Willmott, H. (2012). Making sense of management. A critical introduction (1996 ed.). Los Angeles - London - New Delhi - Singapore - Washington DC: SAGE Publications Ltd. Firth, D., & Leigh, A. (1998). The corporate fool. Oxford: Capstone. Frentz, T. E. (2008). Trickster in tweed. My quest for quality in faculty life. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press, Inc. Gabriel, Y. (2002). Essai: on paragrammatic uses of organizational theory - a provocation. Organization Studies, 23(1), 133-151. Groot, N. (2010). Zelforganisatie en leiderschap. Een uitdagende paradox. [Self-organization and leadership. A daring paradox]. Amsterdam: Mediawerf. Homan, T. (2013). Het et-cetera principe. Een nieuw perspectief op organisatieontwikkeling.[The principle of etcetera. A new perspective on organizational development] Den Haag: Academic Service. Mowles, C. (2011). Rethinking management. Radical insights from the complexity sciences. Farnham - Burlington: Gower Publishing Limited. Mowles, C. (2015). Managing in Uncertainty: Complexity and the paradoxes of everyday organizational life. London - New York: Routledge. Shaw, P. (2002). Changing conversations in organizations. A complexity approach to change (2010 ed.). London and New York: Routledge. Simon, F. (2015). Rumbling on performativity. The complex practice of policy development in a University of Applied Sciences. Open Universiteit, Heerlen. Sparkes, A.C. (2001) Myth94:Qualitative health researchers will agree about validity. Qualitative health research, 11(4), 538-552 Stacey, R. (2007). Strategic management and organizational dynamics. The challenge of complexity to ways of thinking about organisations (5th ed.). Harlow: Pearson Education Limited. Stacey, R. (2010). Complexity and organizational reality. Uncertainty and the need to rethink management after the collapse of investment capitalism (2010 ed.). London and New York: Routledge. Stacey, R. (2012b). Tools and techniques of leadership and management : meeting the challenge of complexity. London: Routledge. Stacey, R., & Griffin, D. (2005). A complexity perspective on researching organizations. Taking experience seriously. Abingdon: Routledge.

Author Information

Frits Simon (presenting / submitting)
Zuyd University of Applied Sciences
Research Centre for Educational Innovation and CPD
Heerlen

Update Modus of this Database

The current conference programme can be browsed in the conference management system (conftool) and, closer to the conference, in the conference app.
This database will be updated with the conference data after ECER. 

Search the ECER Programme

  • Search for keywords and phrases in "Text Search"
  • Restrict in which part of the abstracts to search in "Where to search"
  • Search for authors and in the respective field.
  • For planning your conference attendance, please use the conference app, which will be issued some weeks before the conference and the conference agenda provided in conftool.
  • If you are a session chair, best look up your chairing duties in the conference system (Conftool) or the app.