Online Workshops versus Face-to-Face Workshops during the Induction Phase
Author(s):
Dafna Hammer-Budnaro (presenting / submitting)
Conference:
ECER 2017
Format:
Paper

Session Information

10 SES 01 A, Well-being of Teachers

Paper Session

Time:
2017-08-22
13:15-14:45
Room:
K5.18
Chair:
Anna Beck

Contribution

The induction program in Israel has been practiced at teacher training institutions since 2000. According to this program, the novice teachers transition into the induction phase, in which they experience at least a one-third position teaching in schools, where the teaching work is supervised by a mentor teacher at the school as well as attending a professional support workshop at the university (Ministry of Education, the Department for Training Teaching Professionals 1999). the induction workshop assists in the integration between the experience in the field and the theoretical aspects of the profession. It also provides personal and professional empowerment (Zilbershtrum, 2011). At the end of the induction phase the trainees are awarded a license to practice the teaching profession in addition to an academic degree and a teacher’s certificate.

 Online induction has certain advantages, among them the flexibility and availability this medium enables, interaction time and length of correspondence, as well as the relative anonymity of the participants, which shields them against deep exposure. Additionally, a student who has difficulty with optimally expressing himself orally, or who is not dominant in the classroom, may find it advantageous to transact his interaction through written Internet media, enabling him to voice his opinion without having a different student dominate the discussion. A further advantage is the opportunity for reflective process learning and critical thinking. Thus in effect a new corpus of knowledge is created, shared and accessible to all the trainees in the group. Among the online method’s drawbacks one can include technophobia, the need to master technical skills, and the lack of flexibility, immediacy and spontaneity characteristic of face-to-face teaching (Seifert, 2004). Another disadvantage is the the writing process assumes, which is an impediment to those not fluent in their writing. Another difficulty is the absence of visual communication, as in non-verbal gestures, smiles or tone of voice when a question is being asked as to whether a smiley can replace a smile, a warm, understanding glance and actual contact (Davidson 2012, , Pieterse and Peled, 2014). Moreover, online learning requires discipline, self-motivation and better planning of time. It also includes the absence of a social framework and a sense of isolation, making it more difficult to adjust to this learning method (Seifert, 2004; Davidson, 2012).

An investigation of the role of the facilitator indicates that he plays important role in the success of the workshop. In an online environment, the role of the facilitator assumes an additional aspect related to overcome technological-emotional obstacles.

In view of the above, the current research seeks to examine the pedagogic, emotional, and practical contribution of the online workshop when compared with its related workshops, in the eyes of the trainees. In view of the fact that the first year of work is emphasized in the research as the most influential year in the professional development of the teachers and in their continuation in the teaching profession the results of the research make a theoretical and practical contribution to the process of training for teaching.

 

Accordingly, the research questions have been defined as:

  1. are there differences in the trainees’ perception of the goals of the workshop and of the role of the facilitator for this kind of workshop?
  2. are there differences in the trainees’ perception of the pedagogic, emotional, and practical contribution of the workshop and its contribution toward their integration within the school, and to their perception of their professional efficacy depending on the type of workshop?
  3. are there differences in the attitudes of the trainees toward participation in an online workshop, relative to the type of workshop?

Method

251 trainees took part in the research. These trainees are studying in the Kibbutzim College of Education, Technology and the Arts, and they represent the three kinds of workshops: the online workshop, the hybrid (part on-line and part frontal) workshops, and frontal workshops. The research tool included a trainee questionnaire for self-reporting. The questionnaire was built based on previous questionnaires, which were found to be reliable, among the population of teaching trainees: trainee questionnaire (Arbiv - Elyashiv and Lederer, 2011), a teaching efficacy questionnaire (Friedman and Kass, 2000), and an attitudes questionnaire regarding inclusion of online technology in colleges (Sheinfeld, 2012). The first part of the questionnaire includes background characteristics. The second part deals with the induction workshop, its goals, its main components and the role of the facilitator. The third part refers to attitudes toward online induction. The fourth part deals with the contribution of the induction workshop and the fifth part deals with professional efficacy. Most of the questions were asked as closed items, other questions were asked as open questions. The questionnaires were analyzed using statistical methods including descriptive statistics and unidirectional variance analysis to compare between the trainees in the different workshops. Analysis of the open questions was done through a qualitative method with an inductive approach, aggregating into categories representing the significant aspects which arose from the answers. (Maykut & Morenouse,1994).

Expected Outcomes

the online workshop participant reports a large measure of satisfaction, a significant pedagogic contribution, a contribution toward integration in the school and a contribution toward the perception of professional efficacy. Increasing the prevalence of online workshops may serve as a solution both to the needs of the trainees, who are very busy during this critical year, and to the system’s administrative needs. In addition, differences were found in the perceptions of the goals of the workshop and of the role of the facilitator relative to the type of workshop. Whereas the trainees in the online workshop highlighted the acquisition of the accumulated knowledge as the main goal of the workshop and the central role of the facilitator, the trainees in the face-to-face workshop highlighted the personal support and empowerment as the main goal of the workshop and the role of the facilitator as the mentor dealing with individual empowerment. Regarding the issue of the workshop’s contribution, the trainees in the online workshop stressed its pedagogic contribution, where as the trainees in the non-online workshop stressed its emotional contribution. From this we can deduce that it is important to characterize the workshop models and to evaluate which trainees are best suited to them and which facilitators are suitable for leading them. In terms of professional efficacy, the workshop was observed to be making a significant contribution toward the trainees’ perception of professional efficacy throughout all workshop models. Another main point is the importance of rethinking the goals of the induction period and the transition from supervision and support to creation of a reserve of pedagogic leadership, of teachers with initiative, teachers who will drive change.

References

Birenbaum, M. (2004). Advantages and disadvantages of discussion and learning in an online forum. (In Hebrew) In: Science and technology portal, Ministry of Education, Science and technology administration. Davidson, R. (2012). Social and emotional aspects of online learning environments. (In Hebrew) In: A. Glasner (editor). The "Arrow Head” and the “Warm Hand”: Narratives Concerning ICT and Teacher Education, Tamah Press and the MOFET Institute, pp. 37-72. (In Hebrew) Dar, A. and Cohen, A. (2007). The contribution of the online component to the induction workshop. Research report. (In Hebrew) The Research and Assessment Authority, Kibbutzim College of Education, Technology and the Arts: Tel Aviv Chen, D. and Kurtz, G. (editors). (2011). Online Technology, Learning and Teaching. (In Hebrew) The Center for Academic Studies. Or Yehuda. Pieterse, A. and Peled, Y. (2014). “A Chaperone”: Twitter for Professional Guidance, Social Support, and Personal Empowerment in Online Workshops. (In Hebrew) In: The Chais Conference on Learning Technology Research: The Learner in the Age of Technology, Open University and SHOHAM, pp. 159-168. Bartlet , L. &J.S. Johnson. (2010). The evolution of new teacher induction policy. Educational Policy 24 (6) pp 847-870 Bonk, C.J. (2009). The world is open: how web technology is revolutionizing education. San Francisco: jossey-bass. Palfrey, J. & Gasser, U. (2008). Born Digital. New York, ny: basic books. Smith, T. & Ingersoll, R. (2004). What are the effects of induction and mentoring on beginning teachers' turnover? American Educational Research Journal, 41 (3), pp. 681-714.

Author Information

Dafna Hammer-Budnaro (presenting / submitting)
Kibbutzim College of Education, Israel

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