Exploring University Students' Learnings Paths through Visual Digital Objects
Author(s):
Conference:
ECER 2017
Format:
Paper

Session Information

06 SES 06, Exploring Students' Perspectives in Digital Environments

Paper Session

Time:
2017-08-23
15:30-17:00
Room:
K6.15
Chair:
Geir Haugsbakk

Contribution

This paper is part of the ongoing research project “Research on learning evidence related to the visual and digital skills, creativity, collaboration and self-reflection of the undergraduate students from the generation of digital visual objects within a process of formative assessment. (REDICE16-16010) which main objective is to develop, implement and validate a strategy for analyzing and assessing  Visuals Digital Objects (VDOs) created by undergraduate students. This project has three main aims: (a) to deeply and sustainably contribute to transform teaching and learning practice at the university, by expanding students and teachers’ creativity, collaboration, self-regulation and digital competence;  (b) generating a series of visual digital objects (VDOs) made by the students where they give account of  their learning paths and, at the same time, share these processes with others; and (c) developing and testing an assessment strategy to  expand  ways of performing teaching and learning as pedagogical events to promote experiences of ‘real learning’ among students and teachers.

The creation of VDO is part of our interest for exploring the potential of the growing do-it-yourself (DIY) movement (Spencer, 2005) in higher education pedagogies. Starting in the ‘90s (McKay, 1998) with arts, crafts, and new technologies (Eisenberg & Buechley, 2008; Knobel & Lankshear, 2010; Kafai & Peppler, 2011), DIY is now being considered in the  curriculum (Guzzetti, Elliott, & Welsch, 2010; Kamenetz, 2010), giving educators and students the opportunity to create, share and learn in collaboration (Williams & Černochová, 2012). Fostering such knowledge and competences at the University requires novel strategies and teaching approaches based on active modes of learning, such as collaborative learning, peer learning communities, creative problem solving, learning by doing, experiential learning, or the development of critical thinking and creativity.

From this approach, in this research we explore what happens when universities opt to actively support DIY learning practices. Particularly when learning is considered, in our perspective, as a slippery experience (Fendler, 2015) connected with Atkinson’s notion of ‘real learning’ that “involves a movement into a new ontological state; it defines a problem of existence, in contrast to more normative learning in its everyday norms and competences” (Atkinson, 2012, p. 9). This movement, we assume, is what students experience when they are developing the VDOs, because they are able to “produces a new alignment of thinking and action” (Atkinson, 2012, p. 9). They experience learning as part of a subjectivization process that generates “a disruption of established ways of knowing, through learning events”, because they are able “to handle states of uncertainty as new knowledge and (where) new competences begin to emerge” (Atkinson, 2012, p. 10). From this perspective to learn is what disturbs and questions the established places, producing an event (which transforms the learner) and that becomes a real learning.

The questions guide the research process are:

  1. What characterizes (tensions and possibilities) the implementation of DIY approach at the university degrees of Education, Teacher of Primary education and Fine Arts from the contributions of the teachers and students involved in the research process.

  2. What can we learn from DVOs generated by students about digital and visual skills, collaboration practices, and creative competencies.

  3. In which ways the analysis of DVOs affects teacher’s performance and improvement of educational relations.

  4. What can be learn from DVOs about how students learn in a changing and complex world.

This research has, as final purpose offering teachers and students, despite the organizational rigidity provided by teaching plans, times and places, the opportunity to create, learn and share their learning trajectories in collaboration.

Method

DVOs have been created in seven subjects of the degrees on Pedagogy (Digital and Visual Culture in socio-educational processes; Communication in Education; Learning and Teaching in the Digital Society; and Environments, Processes and Technological Learning Tools) Fine Arts (Contemporary Visualities) and Primary School Teacher Education (Promotion, Coordination and Management of ICT in School and Virtual Learning Environments) at the University of Barcelona. 6 teachers and 254 students have participated in the first part of this research during the autumn term of 2016 (September to January). 125 VDOs have been generated individually and in group; in a compulsory / optional manner. These alternatives explain the difference between the number of participating students and the quantity of OVDs produced. The frame of DVOs were presented in three phases to the students, during the development of each subject: i) at the beginning of the term, during the presentation of the course; ii) in the middle of the quarter, as part of an ongoing reflection process; and (iii) a month before the course finished, when a meta-reflection process was carried out with the students. In all these moments students received insights on the frame of the research as well as examples of VDOs created in the previous year. These examples show different characteristics related to the visual narrative strategy developed, the way digital competence was used and the manner of giving account of the learning process. By using a chart, specifically created by members of Indaga-t teaching innovation group from the University of Barcelona, those learning paths were assessed. This chart is organized around four ‘levels’ of learning linked to creativity, collaboration, visual and digital competence and self-reflection. The ‘levels’ of learning of these four ‘categories’ are based on a reformulation of the cognitive hypothesis about independence-dependence of the object (Al-Saai & Dwyer, 1993) as an indicator of the 'quality' of the learning process.

Expected Outcomes

At the moment of presenting this abstract we are in the process of introducing teachers’ appreciations of students’ learnings in a digital repository where OVDs are analyzed. From this analysis we expect to give account, in a detailed manner, of how students reflect through VDOs their 'levels' of learning framed in this tool of the four competences (creativity, collaboration, self-regulation and digital competence). In a meeting where we, the teachers-researchers, shared the first discoverings coming from this process of analysis, we observe in the VDOs evidences of students’ learning paths relate to: · References to learning notions and experiences rescued particularly from learning situations at high school: learning is mostly repeating what was mentioned in the classes; reflection on learning is mostly address to the new not to question what they already knew; names and concepts are presenting without context. · Openness to other ways of learning that implies taking risks, assuming tensions, and avoids comfort/control zones. · Recognition of the role of the others (mainly teachers and colleagues, but also class visitors) as a source of knowledge experiences. · Forms of inquiry seeking to establishing relationships between the known and the unknown. · The role of digital skills in finding ways to tell (and share) reflections that can allow others to approach and make explicit their learning processes and the emerging doubts. · VDOs are represented as a swap space, where paths and achievements are shown, without avoiding tensions and disturbances that the learning process has generated. In a next step of the project, during 2017 spring term, students will use this same chart to give account and assess their learning paths. Through this initiative we will have the opportunity of contrast teachers and students’ criteria, and to promote students’ authorship, digital competence, creativity and lifelong learning.

References

Al-Saai AJ, Dwyer FM. (1993). The Effect of Visualization on Field-Dependent and Field-Independent Learners. International Journal of Instructional Media, 20(3):243–249. Atkinson, D. (2012). Contemporary Art in Education: The New, Emancipation and Truth. The International Journal of Art & Design Education, 31 (1), 5-18. Eisenberg, M. & Buechley, L. (2008). Pervasive Fabrication: Making Construction Ubiquitous in Education. Journal of Software, 3(4), 62 – 68. Fendler, R. (2015). Navigating the eventful space of learning: Mobilities, nomadism and other tactical maneuvers. Barcelona: University of Barcelona. Unpublished Doctoral dissertation. Guzzetti, B., Elliott, K., & Welsch, D. (2010). DIY Media in the Classroom. New York, NY: Teachers College Press. Kafai, Y. & Peppler, K. (2011). Youth, Technology, and DIY: Developing Participatory Competencies in Creative Media Production. Review of Research in Education, 35, 89–119. Kamenetz, A. (2010). DIY U: Edupunks, edupreneurs, and the coming transformation of higher education. White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green Pub. Knobel, M. y Lankshear, C. (eds.) (2010). DIY Media: Creating, Sharing and Learning with New Technologies. Nueva York, Estados Unidos: Peter Lang Publishing. McKay, G. (1998). DIY culture: Notes towards an intro. In G. McKay (Ed.), DIY Culture: Party and Protest in Nineties Britain (pp. 1-53). London: Verso. Williams, L. & Cernochova, M. (2013, july). Literacy from Scratch. Paper presented at WCCE 2013. 10th World Congress of Computers in Education. Torun, Poland. Retrieved from: http://www.di.unito.it/~bono/Didattica/aa1314/InformaticaSciEduc/Lezioni/WCCE_2013_Lawrence_paper.pdf.

Author Information

Fernando Hernández-Hernández (presenting / submitting)
University of Barcelona, Spain
University of Barcelona, Spain
University of Barcelona, Spain

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