Session Information
11 SES 02, Teaching within Inclusive Schools
Paper Session
Contribution
This paper discusses insufficiencies in defying qualty in education. The democratic potential of t/l (teaching/learning) process is proposed to be seen as integral part of its quality. This means that in micro system of a classroom we change power relations and do not teach/learn about values but live and learn in accordance with them. Theoretical framework is found in critical pedagogy and sociology of education.
For the most parts of our planet inevitability of economic laws became, unfortunately, inevitability in educational streams which only contributed to deepening inequalities (Žiru, 2011). Research showed too many times that socio-economic status of a student is one of the strongest predictors of his/her academic success (Coleman et al, 1966; Gamoran and Long, 2006; Pešikan, Ivić, 2016). Matter of equity and equality comes on the stage therefore. Education is therefore not fulfilling its emancipatory role, it stopped giving optimism to the oppressed and leaves oppressed outside of the system or trapped in unsuccessful path inside the system (UNESCO, 2013, 2014). Our educational policies and practices are not democratic enough, and values become alienated from educational research and practice (Apple et al, 2009; Apple, 2006; Freire, 2008; Freire, 1975). Today we must expect that education is going to construct the new system, because the existing socio-economic model is proven to be unsustainable (Bishop, 2010). And these changes could not happen only on policy and macro level but on a very classroom level too, in a field of t/l process (Scorza, Mirra, Morrell, 2013). I would claim that it actually should start subversively from there, and then reach changes from the grass root to a macro level. This is why our understanding of t/l process should transform. Policies such as „No Child Left Behind“ or „Quality education for all“ (U.S. Department of Education, 2002, 2004; UNESCO, 2013, 2014) promote discourse of inequality but also have results showing that equity and equality are not seen as inherent, inseparable part of the quality, but as grafted and alienated part. Key questions are: can there be quality education if it is not for all, and no child left behind in what?
Many authors claim that there is no common understanding when quality of t/l process – or effective pedagogy is analyzed (Strong et al, 2011) which is why we can say that in the matter of t/l quality all aspects of educational process are reflected. What we see as good quality education completely mirrors our ideology or philosophy of education. Roughest classification of these philosophies that we have in Europe today is on outcome oriented education that should fit to the job market versus something like Aristotle’s version of educating citizen where focus is on values and not skills (Mortimore, Stone, 1991). These two approaches determine also the way to asses quality, which means that followers of the first tradition will probably use standardized testing for this purpose and latter will have process oriented assessing of the quality (multidimensional studies, classroom observations etc). But it all failed in creating desirable social change. It is clear now that Milenium goals for 2015. are not reached and biggest challenge laid in the aspect of sustainability of the change (UNESCO, 2014). Taking this into account the stress is exactly on the quality of education where the discussion about different pedagogies, methods oriented towards process, collaborative learning, critical thinking, and topics such as climate changes and status of women are of highest importance (UNESCO, 2013, 2014).
Method
Expected Outcomes
References
Apple, M. W., Ball, S. J., Gandin, L. A., (2010). The Routledge International Handbook of the Sociology of Education. London: Routledge Apple, M. W. (2006). Educating the “Right” Way. New York: Routledge Cochran-Smith, M., Kim Fries, M. (2001). Sticks, Stones, and Ideology: The Discourse of Reform in Teacher Education. Educational Researcher. Vol. 30. No. 8. pp. 3-15 Coleman, J. S., Campbell, E. Q., Hobson, C. J., McPartland, F., Mood, A. M., Freire, P. (2008). Education for critical consciousness. New York: Continuum Freire, P. (1975). Pedagogy of the oppressed. London: Penguine books Gamoran, A., & Long, D. A. (2006). Equality of Educational Opportunity: A 40-year retrospective (WCER Working Paper No. 2006-9). Madison: University of Wisconsin– Madison, Wisconsin Center for Education Research Leu, E.,Price-Rom, A. (2006) Quality of Education and Teacher Learning: A Review of the Literature. Washington, DC: USAID Educational Quality Improvement Project 1. Pešikan, A., Ivić, I. (2016) The Sources of Inequity in the Education System of Serbia and How to Combat Them. CEPS, Vol 6, No 2, pp.101-124 Scorza, D., Mirra, N. Morrell, E. (2013). It Should Just Be Education: Critical Pedagogy Normalized as Academic Excellence. International Journal of Critical Pedagogy, vol. 4. no. 2, pp. 15-34 Strong, M., Gargani, J., & Hacifazlioglu, O. (2011). Do We Know a Successful Teacher When We See One? Experiments in the Identification of Effective Teachers. 62(4), 367–382. [Abstract at: http://jte.sagepub.com/content/62/4/367.abstract] Todd, S. (2016). Facing uncertainty in education: Beyond the harmonies of Eurovision education. European Educational Research Journal, Vol 15, No 6, pp. 619 - 627 UNESCO (2014): UNESCO’s Participation In The Preparations For A Post-2015 Development Agenda Overview Of Goals And Targets Proposed, Paris, 8. April 2014 UNESCO (2013): Making Education a Priority in the Post-2015 Development Agenda: Report of the Global Thematic Consultation on Education in the Post-2015 Development Agenda, 2013 U.S. Department of Education, Office of Elementary and Secondary Education, No Child Left Behind: A Desktop Reference, Washington, D.C., 2002 U.S. Department of Education, Office of the Secretary, Office of Public Affairs, A Guide to Education and No Child Left Behind, Washington, D.C., 2004 Weinfeld, F. D., et al. (1966). Equality of educational opportunity. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office Žiru, A. (2011). O kritičkoj pedagogiji. Beograd: Eduka.
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