Ethnographic Studies of Interprofessional Education in Clinical Practice
Author(s):
Tina Kramer (presenting / submitting) Karen Borgnakke
Conference:
ECER 2017
Network:
Format:
Paper

Session Information

19 SES 10 B, Professional Skills, Policies and Practice in Education

Paper Session

Time:
2017-08-24
15:30-17:00
Room:
K3.19
Chair:

Contribution

Work-in-progress

This paper is based on ethnographic studies, in which an inter-professional development project called InBetween, is being followed while focusing mainly on the clinical educators and their skill/competency development.
This ongoing PhD project focuses particularly on clinical educator’s practices and their handling of future-oriented demands for inter-professionalism.
The cornerstone of this paper is the fieldwork observations of clinical educator’s practice and the changing professional and inter-professional discourses and practices. The first phases of the fieldwork have identified distinct differences depending on whether the instruction is given next to the patient (here called ‘instruction next to the patient’) or done when clinical educator instructs the student away from the patient ('instruction away from the patient’).
As for the analysis of the development of competencies, the distinct differences can be detected in both a discursive and practical tendency where 'instruction next to the patient' seems to attach itself to the inter-professional discourse, whereas 'instruction away from the patient' rather seems to be linked to the professional discourse.
The purpose of InBetween will be put into a practical perspective through the significant and frequent changes between the inter-professional and professional discourses and practices.
Simultaneously, the focus of the empirical analysis is further focalized on clinical educator’s practical competence profile in relation to the project InBetween's purpose and organizational requirements for the development of inter-professional and cross-sectoral cooperation skills.
In reference to the field research’s mapping of the question: how do clinical educators practice and function as' inter-professional instructors', this paper will focus on the practical micro level of InBetween.
The guidance contexts is identified while focusing on the problem of the significant differences in respectively the inter-professional 'instruction next to the patient' and the professional withdrawal and the 'instruction away from the patient'. Thereafter, the context-related guidance strategies will be exemplified and analyzed.
The analyses will show the impact and consequences, alternating between what the analysis referred to as inter-professional facilitation and professional basis guidance.
Concepts, models and professional competence levels are suitable for faceting with the empirical analysis and are included referencing to representations from Dale 1998; Handal and Lauvås, 1990; Dreyfus and Dreyfus, 1986; Benner, 1984; Lave and Wenger, 1991, among others.

Method

The project is inspired by educational ethnography and the ethnographic studies facilitate maintaining the PhD project’s practice orientation, the process, its milestones, starting and end positions. The field is observed utilizing multiple methods, alternating between participant observation, informal conversations, interviews, logs and document collections. Methodically, the project is rooted in the methods of ethnography (Borgnakke, 2013; Hammersley & Atkinson, 2007; Hastrup, 2013; Ambrosius Madsen, 2003). The research project’s practice orientation is emphasized since the professional practice is studied in the medical field and the actual learning contexts, in which InBetween and the clinical educators participate in. All activities related to the course of study are followed. Project Makers and clinical educators are followed in the development of the study project; detailed planning, implementation and evaluation of four courses of studies. The participants have been followed throughout all contexts and situations related to the course of study. This has been done in order to fully exploit the strength of the ethnographic methods’ quest for the participant’s complex process of development (Borgnakke, 2013).

Expected Outcomes

The assumption is, based on the current development project that clinical educators develop collaborative skills through practical participation in cross-sectoral processes, while the organization simultaneously learns something important about the organization of inter-professional and inter-sectoral cooperation. The Ph.D. project will provide an empirical analytical overview of these processes and create new knowledge about clinical educators’ (inter) professional skills and competence profile, which future developments of the health sector can rely on. The objective of this paper is to come closer to a clarification of competence levels in an empirical sense.

References

Benner, P. (1984). From novice to expert: Excellence and power in clinical nursing practice. Menlo Park, CA: Addison- Wesley. Borgnakke, Karen (2013). Etnografiske metoder i uddannelsesforskningen - mellem klassiske traditioner og senmoderne udfordringer. Københavns Universitet. Borgnakke, K & Nielsen, C.S. (2015). Etnografiske studier i interprofessionalitet og foranderinger af klassiske koncepter. I: Tidsskrift for professionsstudier. Gjallerhorn. DK. Vol. 20, s. 48-60. Dale, E.L. (1989). Pedagogisk professionalitet. Om pedagogikkens identitet og anvendelse. Gyldendal Norsk Forlag. Dreyfus, Hubert L. & Dreyfus, Stuart E. (1986). Mind over Machine: The Power of Human Intuition and Expertise in the Era of the Computer. Simon & Schuster. Hammersley, M., Atkinson, P. (2007). Ethnography - Principles in Practice. Routledge, London. Handal, G., Lauvås, P. (1990). Veiledning og praktisk yrkesteori. Oslo. Cappelen. Hastrup, Kirsten (2013). Ind i verden – en grundbog i antropologisk metode. Hans Reizels Forlag. Lave, J., Wenger, E. (1991). Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation.Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. Madsen, Ulla Ambrosius (2007). Pædagogisk etnografi – forskning i det pædagogiske praksisfelt. Klim. Århus. Nielsen, C.S & Kramer, T. (2016). Projekt InterTværs og interprofessionalitet som det innovative match. I: Tidsskrift for professionsstudier. Vol. 23, s. 72-79.

Author Information

Tina Kramer (presenting / submitting)
University of Copenhagen
Viby J
University of Copenhagen, Denmark

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