Design and Development of a Mobile Based Progress Monitoring System for Early Childhood Special Education
Author(s):
Tayfun Akın (presenting / submitting) Yasemin Koçak Usluel
Conference:
ECER 2017
Format:
Paper

Session Information

ERG SES H 08, Technology and Education

Paper Session

Time:
2017-08-22
11:00-12:30
Room:
W3.10
Chair:
Agnieszka Bates

Contribution

Since the individuals in need of special education have difficulty in learning due to cognitive,physical and emotional barriers, they are usually able to gain the skills through additional supports. It is reported that it is essential to have the knowledge of the levels of children in regard to their developmental areas in order to ensure the efficiency of such activities or additional supports (Ergul,2011;Gunter, Callicott,Denny ve Gerber,2003). In this regard,it is stated that implementation schedules are necessary for the efficiency and effectivity of the process (Buzhardt, etc.,2010).

It is observed that home-visit models are common in order to ensure that early intervention to be performed in the progress monitoring and evaluating the developments, can be provided in a natural environment. It is also remarkable that the coding and interpretation of the monitoring data on development are generally performed in the office of service provider and shared with the family or caregivers in the next home visit. In this process, experts use paper and pen to record,monitor and evaluate the data on the developmental areas of the individuals in need of special education (Gregg,2009). However,it leads to some problems in regard to progress monitoring and evaluating in that a time-consuming and challenging evaluation process may create a delay in the start of the intervention (Buzhardt, Walker, Greenwood ve Heitzman-Powell,2012).  The rapid development of children in this period and the impact of their development on subsequent periods, point out how indispensable it is to evaluate their development timely,accurately and systematically (Kan,2007).

There are various approaches to facilitate early intervention in the special education in early childhood. Among them, evidence-based early intervention approach is notable. An evidence-based approach in the process of intervention is defined as the use of empirical data in the performance history in order to provide an insight for the future decisions of practitioner (Kientz, Boring, Abowd ve Hayes, 2005). There is a decision-making process based on data on the basis of a evidence-based approach. It is reported that a decision on an evidence-based intervention is of importance in the individualization of services provided to children (Chard, etc.,2008).  The key elements of the progress monitoring (Buzhardt, et al.,2010;Chard, etc.,2008):

  • To identify children in need of support,
  • To decide on an individual intervention for each child in line with the evidences,
  • To evaluate and monitor the impact of additional supports and interventions offered to children,
  • To report the changes in intervention for the children who do not show improvement.

Given limited resources, rising costs and increased demand for services, there have been attempts to find various ways for an evidence-based early intervention in the special education in early childhood (Buzhardt, Walker, Greenwood ve Heitzman-Powell,2012). In that regard it might be argued that technology serves as an important facilitator in the progress monitoring and recording the developmental data of children, which underlies the decision-making approach based on evidence-based intervention.

Thus, this study aims to design and develop a mobile-based system to monitor and report the progress of the children aged between 0-3 with developmental retardation in different developmental areas as a part of the early childhood special education (ECSE).

Research Questions

How is the process of designing and developing the mobile-based system to be created as a part of the program of ECSE?

  1. What are the opinions of teachers, managers and parents in regard to the design and use of the system?
  2. How is the usability of the system?

How is

  1. The effectiveness of the system?
  2. The efficiency of the system?
  3. The satisfaction of users in regard to the system?

What are the improvements performed in the process in this mobile-based system?

Method

This study will use “design-based research method ” which is a systematic and flexible research method where researchers and participants carry out the processes of analysis, design, development and implementation in collaboration with each other in the real practice environment in order to improve educational practices (Wang & Hannafin,2005). This study will be performed in 4 stages, based on the model of Reeves (2006). 1. The existing problems will be identified by the researcher and practitioners in order to define the problem, and a relevant literature review will be carried out. 2. Appropriate solutions will be determined by considering design principles and system requirements in line with the needs and expectations of practitioners. 3. Namely in the improvement process, in addition to the interviews with and the observations of the parties (teachers, managers and parents), the data to be obtained from the usability study will be analysed and the system will be improved; the process is planned to be completed in three improvement cycles. In the first cycle, a usability study on the designed system will be performed with the parties and the effectiveness, efficiency and user satisfaction of the system will be examined. Following the analysis of the data, the system will be improved and restored. In the second cycle, the system will be improved through the data to be obtained from the real-time activities of users. In the last cycle, the finalisation of the system will be performed in line with the analysis of the data and the restoration of the system, and the design and development process of the system will be completed. 4. The improvements performed in the process will be reported. The study group will consist of the teachers working in special education institutions in Ankara, who are willing to participate in this study, managers and the parents of the children whose development data have been kept monitoring of. The data on the process of design in this study will be obtained through the interviews to be made with participants and observations. The tasks and observation form for the usability test will be developed by the researcher for the usability of the system, and a scale with an ensured validity and reliability will be used for the user satisfaction of the system. The data obtained through observations and interviews will be analysed via “content analysis” (Krippendorff,2004) which is used to make inferences from relevant texts or other significant contents. Descriptive statistics will be used for the usability.

Expected Outcomes

The possible output of this study is to design and develop a mobile-based tracking system for development as a part of ECSE. • The resulting system is expected to perform authentic tasks in the system at a high rate and in less time. • The satisfaction levels of teachers, managers and parents, having used the resulting system, are expected to be high. Based on the opinions of system users, the system is expected to achieve the following outputs: • To store developmental data so as to keep track of and report the development of children • To help the decision-making process in regard to the area to be reinforced through additional support and intervention • To be able to access to the developmental information of students at any time • To facilitate the evaluation in a natural environment, • To ensure that teachers focus on their teaching activity more by spending less time and effort in reporting, • To be able to see the impact of teaching program implemented by teachers • To ensure that parents learn about the development of their children in an easier way.

References

Buzhardt, J., Greenwood, C. R., Walker, D., Carta, J., Terry, B. ve Garrett, M. (2010). A Web-Based Tool to Support Data-Based Early Intervention Decision Making. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education 29(4) 201–213. Buzhardt, J., Walker, D., Greenwood, C. R. & Heitzman-Powell, L. (2012). Using Technology to Support Progress Monitoring and Data-Based Intervention Decision Making in Early Childhood: Is There an App for That?. Focus On Exceptional Children, 44(8), 1. Chard, D. J., Harn, B., Sugai, G., Horner, R., Simmons, D. & Kame'enui, E. (2008). Core features of multi-tier systems of reading and behavioral support (pp. 31-60). In C. R. Ergul, C. (2011). Küçük çocuklar için zorunlu hizmetler. G. Akçamete (Ed.), Özel gereksinimi olan küçük çocuklar içinde (ss. 455-488). Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık. Gregg, D. (2009). Developing a collective intelligence application for special education. Decision Support Systems, 47(4), 455-465. Greenwood. T. Kratochwill ve M. Clctncnt (Eds.), School-wide prevention models: Lessons learned in elementary schools. New York: Gui I ford.Gunter, P. L., Callicott, K., Denny, R. K. & Gerber, B. L. (2003). Finding a place for data collection in classrooms for students with emotional/behavioral disorders. Preventing School Failure: Alternative Education for Children and Youth, 48(1), 4-8. Kan, Ü. D. (2007). Okul öncesi eğitimde değerlendirme aracı olarak portfolyo. Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 27(1). Kientz, J. A., Boring, S., Abowd, G. D. & Hayes, G. R. (2005). Abaris: Evaluating automated capture applied to structured autism interventions. In International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing (pp. 323-339). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Krippendorff, K. (2004). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology. Sage. Reeves, T. C. (2006). Design research from a technology perspective. Educational design research, 1(3), 86-109. Wang, F. & Hannafin, M. J. (2005). Design-based research and technology-enhanced learning environments. Educational technology research and development, 53(4), 5-23.

Author Information

Tayfun Akın (presenting / submitting)
Hacettepe University
Computer Education and Instructional Technology
Ankara
Hacettepe University, Turkey

Update Modus of this Database

The current conference programme can be browsed in the conference management system (conftool) and, closer to the conference, in the conference app.
This database will be updated with the conference data after ECER. 

Search the ECER Programme

  • Search for keywords and phrases in "Text Search"
  • Restrict in which part of the abstracts to search in "Where to search"
  • Search for authors and in the respective field.
  • For planning your conference attendance, please use the conference app, which will be issued some weeks before the conference and the conference agenda provided in conftool.
  • If you are a session chair, best look up your chairing duties in the conference system (Conftool) or the app.