Composing a Narrative Pedagogy: The Use of Stories of Experience in Initial Teacher Education

Session Information

10 SES 10 C, Teacher Educators: Research methods and perspectives

Paper Session

Time:
2017-08-24
15:30-17:00
Room:
K1.04 Auditorium 3
Chair:
ML White

Contribution

This paper expounds on the final research project that we have developed for the last four years (EDU2011-29732-C02-01; MEC). The research scope is the inquiry of primary education teachers, in order to explore its educational value on initial teacher education. It has led us to go with teachers in their classrooms for a school year. Because of this accompaniment, we have produced narrative texts that we have called stories of experience.

In this paper, we focus on the way we have brought stories of experience into play in initial teacher education at University; and on the findings, we have done. This process is, at the same time: a) the final phase of an inquiry about experience-based teacher knowledge and its educational value, and b) the first phase of another research process which focus is our own teaching practices; we have recorded how bringing stories of experience to initial teacher education change our practices and generate pedagogical thinking.

Our research is held by permanent comings and goings from school to university. We are looking for ways of revitalising pedagogical knowledge and opening the meaning of teaching profession, what implies subjectivity and self-education (Biesta, 2013). That is: 1) recognising authority of teachers’ experience-led knowledge; 2) creating educational contexts that favour reflection and development of experience; 3) producing a pedagogical thinking that link experience-led knowledge and the experience of knowing. When we inquiry about teachers’ experience-led knowledge, our interest is on bringing experience-led knowledge to initial teacher education in order to allow movement and excitement. Or rather, a way of knowing that has pedagogical features, such as concern with an educational teaching, attention to every difference, newness, openness to the uncertain and unpredictable teaching practice (Contreras, 2012).

We haven’t expected to show the reality of classrooms but to generate a new relationship with the world that those classrooms showed us (Clandinin & Connelly, 2000). This implies to have in mind that “thinking with stories is a process in which we as thinkers do not so much work on narrative as of allowing narrative to work on us” (Morris, cited by Clandinin, 2013, p. 30).

As a result of the studies with teachers we have composed stories of experience, in a delicate process: writing, shared reading, re-writing. And we have tried to go further the description, in order to ask questions about the meaning of events and lived experiences. We haven’t focused on telling stories but on giving rise to possible thoughts coming from them. We don’t want to bring stories of experience as an answer to educational problems but as existential questions that lead to delve into the meaning that education has for every student. We have tried to narrate stories focused on important educational themes, with capacity to question the reader and with new possibilities of thought (we pretend to promote questioning but not answering). Therefore, these stories allow to delve in an educational way into essential aspects of education, what makes visible gestures with educational potentiality (such as listening, caring for relationships, accompaniment, sensitivity, ways of waiting…). We assume the challenge of the stories linking us with someone´s life (trying to prevent the risk that they “explain something”).

Method

This paper expounds the final research project that we have developed for the last four years (EDU2011-29732-C02-01, MEC) and the new one we are immersed now (EDU2016-75776-P, MEC). In both research projects, we explore the experience-led knowledge of Primary School teachers and Teacher Education. All of this through a narrative perspective (Clandinin, 2013) and with a phenomenological orientation (Van Manen, 2003); by combining the analysis of our practices as university teachers through self-study (Loughran, 2004) with case studies with primary teachers. In the first phase, we have looked for the development of self-knowledge and self-awareness (Berry, 2009) through self-study (Loughran, 2004). This knowledge is necessary to delve reflexively into our practices and into the sense of the teaching profession (Contreras, 2016). In the second phase, we realized 10 case studies with primary school teachers. We have gone with them during a school year in their daily work at school. Observing their classes, holding reflective conversations with them and with children, and writing narrative and reflective diaries, have led us to recognise pedagogical valuable situations that we can bring to initial teacher education. These situations help us and our students to delve into the sense and complexity of teaching profession (Blanco, Molina & López, 2015). In order to collect these situations, we have developed narrations that we call “stories of experience”. They relate teaching situations that we have lived at school and they also show features that allow delving into the understanding of education. With the purpose of exploring its educational potentiality we have developed an analysis and reflection seminar with school, pre-school and university teachers (Contreras, 2015; Molina & Gómez, 2016). In the third phase (this paper is focused on this period) we have brought these stories of experience to initial teacher education, specifically to 8 university classrooms (pre-school and school degree, and master) in the universities of Barcelona, Valencia and Málaga. We have recorded the whole process through: a) stories about our process as teachers and the sense of our practices b) observation managed by another member of the research team c) analysis of documents made by our students d) assessment of students about their relationship with the stories in the classroom.

Expected Outcomes

The process of bringing stories of experience to teacher education has led us to rethink the sense of teacher education. Therefore, our study is connected with other made by Olson (2000), Murray Orr & Olson (2007) or Huber et al. (2013), that show the potentiality of a narrative approach at school and the role of narrative stories on initial teacher education. In our research, bringing stories to initial teacher education has led us to discover some issues that seem relevant for us to compose a narrative pedagogy: - It is necessary to create a context that makes possible the relation between students, stories and the others classroom texts. That is, creating a context that allows for listening, and the slowness necessary for exposing and thinking about oneself and education. - Stories of experience constitute a mediation between students´ school experience and the sense of experience that we try to offer them as future educators. - Working with stories of experience makes possible (though not always in the same way) an involvement dynamic, what leads to raise conflicts, paradoxes and tensions that must be rethought. - It is necessary to accompany in a pedagogical way the reading of the stories. It implies thinking with them, looking for ideas and concerns coming up from students, encouraging inquiry of new questions. - Stories of experience talk about school, but they also talk about what take place in university classrooms. It is important to explore tensions between what we do, read and feel now, instead of thinking only in their future as teachers. - Stories of experience allow for thinking about the school context that they show, as well as about what they “say” about us. That is, what do stories of experience do on us? How do we become aware of it?

References

Berry, A. (2009). Professional self-understanding as expertise in teaching about teaching. Teachers and Teaching, 15, 2, 305-318. Biesta, G. (2013). The Beautiful Risk of Education. Paradigm Publishers. Blanco, N., Molina, M.D. & López, A. (2015). Aprender de la escuela para dar vida a la universidad. REIFOP, 82 , 61-76. Clandinin, D.J. & Connelly, M. (2000). Narrative inquiry. Experience and story in qualitative research. San Francisco, Jossey-Bass. Clandinin, D.J. (2013). Engaging in narrative inquiry. Walnutt Creek, LCP. Clandinin, J., et al. (2006). Composing diverse identities. Narratives inquiries into the interwoven lives of children and teachers. Routledge, USA. Contreras, J. y Pérez de Lara, N. (2010). Investigar la experiencia educativa. Madrid, Morata. Contreras, J. (2013). El saber de la experiencia en la formación inicial del profesorado. REIFOP, 27, 3, 125-136. Contreras, J. (Coord.) (2015). Experiencias de enseñanza: encontrando una orientación. Una aproximación narrativa a docentes y sus clases de educación infantil y primaria. Documento de trabajo. Contreras, J. (Ed.) (2016). Tensiones fructíferas: Explorando el saber pedagógico en la formación del profesorado. Una mirada desde la experiencia. Barcelona, Octaedro. Huber, J., et al. (2013). Narrative Inquiry as Pedagogy in Education The Extraordinary Potential of Living, Telling, Retelling, and Reliving Stories of Experience. Research in Education, 37 (1), 212-242. Loughran, J. (2004). International handbook of self-study of teaching and teacher education practices. London, Springer. Molina, MD. & Gómez, D. (2016). Señales de vida en la Universidad. Cuadernos de Pedagogía, 470, 68-70. Molina, MD., & Gómez, D. (2016). Señales de vida en la Universidad. Cuadernos de Pedagogía, 470, 68-70. Murray Orr, A, & Olson, M. (2007). Transforming narrative encounters. Canadian Journal of Education, 30, 3, 819-838. Olson, M. (2000). Curriculum as a multistoried process. Canadian Journal of Education, 78 (25, 3), 169-187. Valera-Villegas, G. y Madriz, G. (2006). Una hermenéutica de la formación de sí. Lectura, escritura y experiencia. Caracas: Universidad Central de Venezuela. Van Manen, M. (2003). Investigación educativa y experiencia vivida. Barcelona, Idea Books.

Author Information

Emma Quiles (presenting / submitting)
University of Alberta
Elementary Education
edmonton
Diego Martín Alonso (presenting)
University of Málaga, Spain
Universitat de València
Didàctica i Organització Escolar
València
universidad de Barcelona
Didactica y organización educativa
Barcelona
UNIVERSITAT DE BARCELONA
DIDÀCTICA I ORGANITZACIÓ EDUCATIVA
Barcelona
University of Barcelona, Spain

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