Authentic Instruction: EFL Teachers’ Perspectives
Author(s):
Gülçin Mutlu (presenting / submitting) Cahit Guler (presenting)
Conference:
ECER 2017
Format:
Paper

Session Information

31 SES 02, Learning languages

Paper Session

Time:
2017-08-22
15:15-16:45
Room:
W4.24
Chair:
Ana Sofia Pinho

Contribution

The idea of “authentic instruction” has been proposed as a new term in literature, expanding the range of perspectives in a constructivist and student-centered approach to teaching. Newmann, Gamoran and Marks (1996) define authentic instruction as a type of instruction that incorporates some combination of four conditions in which students are invited to exhibit higher order thinking skills and perform a substantive conversation level, demonstrate deep knowledge and experience a connection between classroom work and the world beyond the classroom. So far, however, there is an unfortunate lack of research on EFL teachers’ ways of integrating authentic instruction into their teaching, as perceived by the teachers, themselves. It has been further noted that teachers are not always willing to use authentic teaching practices because of some obstacles (Knapp & Shields, 1995). Thus, the objectives of this study are two parts. First, it aims to qualitatively investigate the perceptions of English teachers in terms of their implementation of authentic instruction. Specifically, it will investigate how English teachers incorporate forms of authentic instruction in their classroom teaching. Secondly, the study examines both the conditions enhancing authentic instruction and those posing problems and obstacles against the implementation of authentic instruction. 

Method

A qualitative research design realized in phenomenological investigation was used. The research has gathered data from the case studies of six English language teachers working at secondary-level schools in several regions of Ankara in Turkey. The data have been collected through semi-structured interviews with teachers. The interview schedule designed for the study possesses several questions prepared with guidance from the literature on authentic instruction (questions about knowledge construction and about real world relevance etc.). Content analysis was performed on the transcribed data. The interviews were first transcribed, and then a close reading of the transcribed data was performed. This close reading helped the researcher to identify meaningful segments and then assign conceptual labels (codes). By analyzing the transcripts, themes were generated based on these codes. That is, similar codes were accumulated under certain themes (themes and when necessary sub-themes). A post reading was also performed in order to develop a better understanding in relation to the themes generated and test these understandings. An experienced peer in qualitative research was consulted for the alternative explanations emerging codes and themes to achieve trustworthiness.

Expected Outcomes

The results related to the perceptions of EFL teachers with regard to the characteristics of authentic instruction they implement in their teaching indicate six main dimensions of the authentic instruction that the teachers consider and perform in their teaching. These are “real world relevance”, “a care for students in the teaching process”, “higher-level thinking”, “teacher roles”, “forms of inquiry and interchange”, “knowledge construction” and “priorities for authentic instruction”. Given the sub-themes emerging, real world relevance further includes “out-side class application of the classroom work”, “connections to the real world beyond the classroom” and “use of real-life materials”. The theme forms of inquiry and interchange includes in itself such lower-level themes as “elaborated communication” and “substantive communication”. The investigation into conditions that are facilitating or hindering the application of authentic instruction in the EFL classrooms revealed two main themes, as “ad-vantages” and “obstacles”. The obstacles included time constraints, teacher-centered approach, requirements by the Turkish Ministry of National Education and class size. The results pertaining to advantageous conditions to authentic instruction included the flexible curriculum and flexibility in instructional practices permitted by the institution (i.e. some teacher autonomy). It is expected that the results of the study will add to our understanding of language classrooms and give insights for the teacher education within the framework authentic pedagogy.

References

Knapp, M. S. & Shields, P. M. (1995). Academic challenge in high-poverty classrooms. Phi Delta Kappan, 76(10), 770. Newmann, F. M., Marks, H. M., & Gamoran, A. (1996). Authentic Pedagogy and Student Performance. American Journal of Education, 104(4), 280-312.

Author Information

Gülçin Mutlu (presenting / submitting)
Necmettin Erbakan University, Turkey
Cahit Guler (presenting)
NECMETTIN ERBAKAN UNIVERSITY
FOREIGN LANGUAGES
KONYA

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