This presentation focuses on the techniques developed by prescriptive supranational or international organizations to reduce resistance. Confronted with resistances at national and local levels, they tend to loosen the constrains that they have presented initially, before tightening them up again. We argue that “by re-integrating the diversity and real practices and readjusting therefore their constrains, organizations seek to circumvent resistances”. In exploring this hypothesis, we analyze the official documents that prescriptive organizations produced between 1990 and 2016 in the framework of the Bologna Process and the Education for All project. Drawing on Foucault’s concept of “apparatus”, we provide a theoretical analysis on the place of resistance in the reformulation of the educational policies. We show its creative dimension, by observing that resistance leads to new techniques of governance. Resistance reinforces so the “apparatus” it opposes.

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