Session Information
Contribution
The field of early childhood education and care (ECEC) is diverse – cultural and religious diversity is a normal reality in early childhood education and care settings (cf. Krainz 2015), particularly in urban areas. In the sense of a “pedagogy of diversity” (cf. Prengel 2006), preschool teachers are therefore called upon to develop a professional approach to deal with religious and cultural differences, with heterogeneity and difference (cf. Betz / Bischoff 2017). The way in which preschool teachers experience religious and cultural diversity, how they perceive and evaluate this in their work, depends on individually and collectively anchored values and norms regarding culture and religion. Such ideas influence pedagogical action on a conscious and subconscious level (cf. Fürstaller, Hover-Reisner 2020; Lehner, Fürstaller 2021). However, there is little research (in Austria) on cultural and religious diversity in early childhood education and care. There is almost no empirically verified knowledge about how preschool teachers experience their practice in relation to the respective subject, what ideas, expectations and attitudes they have about it and what practices and manners are recognizable. In particular, there is a lack of qualitative studies addressing the institutional dynamics related to religious and cultural diversity. The paper presents a study that has taken on this research topic.
Method
As part of this qualitative study, four group discussions (cf. Bohnsack 2000; Bohnsack et al. 2006) were conducted with preschool teachers. Group discussions make it possible to capture attitudes and beliefs as well as collective patterns of interpretation. Due to the setting of the discussion, the participants position themselves in contradiction to each other or even agree (cf. Kühn/Koschel 2011). In this way, milieu and occupation-specific orientations are updated and reproduced in the course of the conversation. Virulent feelings, taboo topics related to culture and religion, which may be socially marginalized, flow into the group dynamics. In the discussion process, implicit, non-articulable (unconscious) orientations are also brought into focus (Bohnsack et al., 2006; Kühn/Koschel, 2011). The group discussions were analyzed using deep hermeutics (cf. Leithäuser/Volmerg 1988; König 2008; Kratz/Ruth 2016). The focus of this analysis was on the reconstruction of latent (unconscious) action-guiding structures on the individual and collective level.
Expected Outcomes
The paper examines the question of how institutional defensive processes (Hirschhorn 2008) that seem to be intertwined with social discourse practices regarding heterogeneity and plurality can have significance for pedagogical practice. For this purpose, the study "Plurality in Viennese kindergartens and children's groups with special consideration of so-called 'Islamic' institutions" - Pluki for short (cf. Hover-Reisner et al. 2018) is presented. Within the talk, the methodological procedure will be described, selected results will be presented and consequences for the area of professionalization will be formulated.
References
Betz, T., Bischoff, S. (2017): Heterogenität als Herausforderung oder Belastung? Zur Konstruktion von Differenz von frühpädagogischen Fachkräften in Kindertageseinrichtungen. In: Stenger, U., Edelmann, Nolte, D. und Schulz, M. (Hrsg.): Diversität in der Pädagogik der frühen Kindheit. Im Spannungsfeld zwischen Konstruktion und Normativität. Beltz Juventa: Weinheim, 101–118. Bohnsack, R. (2000): Rekonstruktive Sozialforschung. Einführung in Methodologie und Praxis qualitativer Forschung. 4. Auflage. Leske + Budrich: Opladen. Bohnsack, R., Przyborski, A., Schäffer, B. (Hrsg.) (2006): Das Gruppendiskussionsverfahren in der Forschungspraxis. Verlag Barbara Budrich: Opladen. Fürstaller, M., Hover-Reisner, N. (2020): Wenn die primäre Aufgabe aus dem Blick gerät. Herausforderungen für das elementarpädagogische Feld im Kontext migrationsbedingter Diversität. In: Zimmermann, D., Wininger, M., Finger-Trescher, U. (Hg.): Migration, Flucht und Wandel. Herausforderungen für psychosoziale und pädagogische Arbeitsfelder. Psychosozial-Verlag: Gießen, 143-167. Hirschhorn, L. (2008): Das primäre Risiko. In: Lohmer, M. (Hrsg.): Psychodynamische Organisationsberatung. Konflikte und Potentiale in Veränderungsprozessen. 2. Verbesserte Auflage. Schäffer-Poeschel Verlag: Stuttgart, 98-118. Hover-Reisner, N., Schluß, H., Fürstaller, M., Andersen, Ch., Habringer, M., Elif, M., Eckstein-Madry, E. (2018): Pluralität in Wiener Kindergärten. Prozesse und Strukturen von In- und Exklusion. Münster: Lit Verlag. Lehner, B., Fürstaller, M. (2021): Einfach ist einfacher? Heterogenität in elementarpädagogischen Einrichtungen in Zeiten der Optimierung. In: Würker, A., Zimmermann, D. (Hrsg.): Bildung und Erziehung optimieren? Reflexionen und Einsichten der Psychoanalytischen Pädagogik. Schwerpunktheft: Psychosozial 44, Heft I, (Nr. 163), 10-21. König, H.-D. (2008): Tiefenhermeneutik. In: Flick, U., v. Kardoff, E., Steinke, I. (Hrsg.): Qualitative Forschung. Ein Handbuch. Rowohlt: Reinbek, 556–569. Kühn, Th., Koschel, K.-V. (2011): Gruppendiskussionen. Ein Praxishandbuch. Vs-Verlag: Wiesbaden. Krainz, U. (2015): Religion, die vergessene Differenz. In: Gruppendynamische Organisationsberatung 46 (2), 99–103. Kratz, M., Ruth, J. (2016): Einführung in die Tiefenhermeneutik. In: Katzenbach, D. (Hrsg.): Qualitative Forschungsmethoden in der Sonderpädagogik. Kohlhammer: Stuttgart, 241–253 Leithäuser, T., Volmerg, B. (1988): Psychoanalyse in der Sozialforschung. Eine Einführung am Beispiel einer Sozialpsychologie der Arbeit. Springer: Wiesbaden. Prengel, A. (2006): Pädagogik der Vielfalt. Verschiedenheit und Gleichberechtigung in interkultureller, feministischer und integrativer Pädagogik. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften: Wiesbaden.
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