Session Information
05 ONLINE 00 PS, General Poster Session (online) - NW 05
General Poster Session
Contribution
According to the analysis of international organizations, young people would be one of the populations in a particular situation of social exclusion; the data show that structurally, together with gender, the age variable marks structural conditions of deficient differential integration (International Labor Organization [ILO], 2020). This highlights the need to examine what research is being conducted on youth at social risk and, more specifically, those that relate, from an ecological perspective, the factors that influence positive psychological functioning, generating protective capital against social exclusion and fostering people's well-being.
In this sense, efforts to understand well-being and its causes have been of interest throughout history. In fact, medical, psychological, political, social, educational or economic interventions have always had as one of their main objectives to increase people's quality of life. However, the focus of both health sciences and social sciences has traditionally been on reducing pain, suffering and deprivation that occur in conditions of absence of well-being, rather than on the development of individual and collective capabilities that act as promoters of well-being (Vázquez et al, 2009). However, in the area of psychology, over the last two decades (Seligman and Csikszentmihalyi, 2000) it has been proven that the study of positive traits, character strengths, positive emotions, resilience, lived experiences, family, school, context and positive relationships, etc., produce effects and changes in the well-being of individuals and in their processes of social inclusion.
The following systematic review aims to explore about the relationship between the development of resilience processes and psychological well-being (Ryff and Keyes, 1995) in young people at risk of social exclusion. For this purpose, a qualitative methodology of systematic identification, analysis and synthesis of relevant contents of scientific publications published in the last five years, in Spanish and English, referred to in specialized databases, has been adopted. The protocol for the planning, preparation and publication of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of the PRISMA statement [Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses] (Yepes-Nuñez et. al., 2021) was followed at all times. After a selection of studies by different article levels, 7 manuscripts were found that met the established criteria.
The results of this work show that we did not find a large number of current and international scientific sources whose knowledge transfer could contribute to the foundation of socioeducational interventions for the prevention of social exclusion in a particularly vulnerable sector such as youth, through the identification of factors that promote resilience processes and influence the constitution of the subjective psychological well-being of the members of this group. However, the results of this study lead to a series of conclusions that invite us to propose new lines of research on this topic. In light of these findings, there is a latent need to advance in new studies and research that address the analysis of the psychological well-being of at-risk youth in a holistic manner, being able to establish the existing relationships between the different dimensions that make up the construct and the factors that influence the processes of resilience.
Method
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between psychological well-being and the development of resilience processes in young people at risk of social exclusion. For this purpose, a qualitative methodology of systematic identification, analysis and synthesis of relevant contents of scientific publications was adopted. A structured search was conducted in the following high quality databases, including peer-reviewed studies: Scopus, Web of Science, and EbscoHOST. The protocol for the planning, preparation, and publication of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of the PRISMA [Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses] statement (Yepes-Nuñez et al., 2021) was followed throughout. The items considered in the analysis refer to the study population of young people at risk. This element has been crossed with the other elements considered key in the review of this state of the art: psychological well-being and resilience, facilitating the narrative framework of the contents. The selection of the studies was carried out in different stages. The identification stage was limited to articles published in English and Spanish between 2016 and 2021. From this initial exploration, 416 results were obtained with which we proceeded to a selection stage by manual inspection of the indexes. Those manuscripts were selected that contained one or more of the search parameters, in the title, keywords or abstract, and whose scientific approach was from a pedagogical, social and/or psychological perspective. Subsequently, duplicate items were eliminated. This reduced the collection to 33 documents. Finally, we proceeded to the analysis of the full text of each of these articles to filter under the following criteria that the manuscripts had to meet: a) The overall sample had to be children (0-18 years) or young adults (14-24 years). If the study included older adults, at least half of the participants should be between 0 and 24 years of age. b) Empirical studies written in English or Spanish and published in peer-reviewed journals in the last 5 years. c) We included studies that explicitly referred to two or more of the search descriptors in the title, abstract and/or keywords whose scientific approach was from a pedagogical, social and/or psychological perspective. d) Quantitative, qualitative and mixed designs were included. After this last review, 7 manuscripts were chosen for this work.Windows 10.
Expected Outcomes
It is evident that a large number of current and international scientific sources were not found whose transfer could contribute to the foundation of socio-educational interventions for the prevention of social exclusion; in a particularly vulnerable sector such as youth, by identifying factors that promote resilience processes and that influence the constitution of the subjective psychological well-being of the members of this group. However, conclusions are drawn that invite us to establish new lines of research on this topic. In the first place, it has been found that most of the research identified addresses the processes of inclusion of vulnerable youth and their psychological well-being through dimensions of this construct and not in a holistic manner. It has been observed that, in many of these published works, the construct of resilience mediates between these dimensions. Secondly, all these papers recognize the multiplicity of levels that impact on resilience processes and the identification of the cultural resources through which these systems impact on them may increase the possibility of targeting a variety of contexts in which to intervene in order to reduce risk, increase resources and strengthen sociocultural support systems for the individual. All in all, there is a latent need to advance in new studies and research that address the analysis of the psychological well-being of youth at risk in a holistic manner, being able to establish the existing relationships between the different dimensions that make up the construct and the factors that affect the processes of resilience.
References
Artuch-Garde, R., González-Torres, M. del C., de la Fuente, J., Mariano Vera, M., Fernández-Cabezas, M., & López-García, M. (2017). Relationship between resilience and self-regulation: A study of Spanish youth at risk of social exclusion. Frontiers in Psychology, 8(APR). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00612 Bond, S. & Van Breda, A. (2018). Interaction between possible selves and the resilience of care-leavers in South Africa. Children and Youth Services Review, 94(September), 88–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.09.014. Hage, L. & Pillay, J. (2017). Gendered experiences of African male learners in child- and youth-headed households: Implications for the role of psychologists. South African Journal of Psychology, 47(3), 305–315. https://doi.org/10.1177/0081246316685073 Harnisch, H. & Montgomery, E. (2017). “What kept me going”: A qualitative study of avoidant responses to war-related adversity and perpetration of violence by former forcibly recruited children and youth in the Acholi region of northern Uganda. Social Science and Medicine, 188, 100–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.07.007. Heredia-Bolaños, D. M., & Grisales-Romero, H. (2019). Health-related quality of life for children and adolescents living in a temporary home, Colombia. Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Ninez y Juventud, 17(2), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.11600/1692715x.17205 Kud, C., Lovette, A., Pellowski, J., Harrison, A., Mathews, C., Operario, D., Beardslee, W., Stein, J., & Brown, L. (2017). Resilience and psychosocial outcomes among South African adolescents affected by HIV. AIDS, 33, 23-34. http:// doi:10.1097/QAD.0000000000002177. Refaeli, T., Benbenishty, R., & Zeira, A. (2019). Predictors of life satisfaction among care leavers: a mixed-method longitudinal study. Children and Youth Services Review, 99, 146-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.01.044. Ryff, C., & Keyes, C. (1995). The estructure of psychological well-being revised. Journal of Personality and Social Psycology, 69, 719-727. Seligman, M. E. P., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive Psychology: an introduction. American Pychologist, 55(1), 5-14 Szafrańska, K. (2018). Life Goals of Young People at Risk of Social Exclusion in Poland. Comparative Professional Pedagogy, 8(2), 35–42. https://doi.org/10.2478/rpp-2018-0017. Vázquez, C., Hervás, G., Rahona, J. J., y Gómez, D. (2009). Psychological well-being and health: contributions from positive psychology. Anuario de Psicología Clínica y de La Salud, 5(1), 15–28. Verdugo-Lucero, J. C., Ponce de León-Pagaza, B.G., Guardado-Llamas, R.E., Meda-Lara, R.M., Uribe-Alvarado, J.I., y Guzmán-Muñiz, J. (2013). Stress coping styles and subjective well-being in adolescents and young adult. Revista Latinoamericana En Ciencias Sociales, Niñez y Juventud, 11(1), 79–91. https://doi.org/10.11600/1692715x.1114120312. Yepes-Nuñez, J. J., Urrútia, G., Romero-García, M., y Alonso-Fernández, S. (2021). Declaración PRISMA 2020: una guía actualizada para la publicación de revisiones sistemáticas. Revista Española de Cardiología, 74(9),790-799. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.recesp.2021.06.016.
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