The aim of my presentation is to present the results of research on the recognition of the discourse of inclusion/social exclusion in the documents of youth organizations operating in Poland. 

The basic concepts are inclusion and social exclusion. Social inclusion is "the process of taking initiatives to open people up to diversity in such a way that they respect and accept their differences. These actions are intended to ensure equal rights and access to goods, services, capital and markets, enable the implementation of their plans, and facilitate participation in the life of the community" (Kołodziejczyk, 2018). Social exclusion, on the other hand, is defined as "a partial or total inability to use generally available public goods and institutions, limited participation in social, cultural and economic aspects of an individual's social life and acquiring financial resources necessary for a decent life, as well as hindered performance of social roles in a given community" (NSIS, 2003, p. 23, quoted in: Kołodziejczyk, 2018).

The concepts of inclusion and social exclusion are analyzed within the framework of Teun van Dijk's theory of discourse, in which the factors coupling language with social action are distinguished (Rypel, 2017, p.13). The notion of "discourse" allows us to read the message in the context of its use, and thus "shifts the focus from the finished product to the culturally conditioned strategies of its production" (Grochowski, 2001, p.7). This analysis will be carried out on the basis of two dimensions of discourse: the linguistic phenomenon and the communicative event (Biskupska, 2014, pp. 370-371).

The linguistic phenomenon is understood in terms of the formal features of language, which generally consist of lexis, stylistics and grammar. In my analyses, I focus primarily on the lexis of the language used by organizations, and in particular on the vocabulary that directly or indirectly indicates inclusion/exclusion. A communicative event is interpreted as a written or oral statement on a specific topic or categories and rules of discussion. In my analyses, I focus on statements with specific themes, i.e. those that concern activities and subjects subject to inclusion/exclusion.

On the one hand, the definitions indicate the actions and, on the other, the subjects of the actions. Therefore, two research questions were posed: 

1. What lexical forms with an inclusive/exclusive meaning are used by youth organizations operating in Poland? 

2. In what forms of communication are statements of inclusive/exclusive significance presented, and what activities and entities do they concern?

The first dimension of discourse, understood in terms of the formal features of language, was analysed in a two-stage procedure: the selection of words on the basis of synonyms and words synonymous with inclusion/exclusion, and the selection of utterances read on the basis of indicators derived from the definition of inclusion/exclusivity, placed in the context of utterances. I perceive the second dimension of discourse, i.e. the communicative event, perceived as a statement, a text, a message on a specific topic, as dependent on its cultural context. In these analyses, I have focused on the forms of expression and their subject matter, revealing the forms of undertaken actions and their subjects, i.e. the recipients of these actions.

The research is carried out as part of the broader project "Heterotopies of Citizenship - Educational Discourse and Pedagogies of Militarization in the Spaces of Youth Organizations. Analytical-critical and comparative approach", funded by a grant from the National Science Centre (no. 2019/35/B/HS6/01365). As part of the project, there were corresponding articles published by Helena Ostrowicka, & Klaudia Wolniewicz-Słomka (2023) and Celina Czech-Włodarczyk, & Magdalena Cuprjak, in the study.

The research was essentially qualitative (N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln). Data collection involved a search of secondary data sources. All the available documents posted on the websites of the investigated organisations, including their statutes, rules and regulations, and reports and accounts covering activities and operations, as well as social media (FB) posts were analysed (362 documents and 332 FB posts). AtlasTi was used to facilitate the coding of the data. A content analysis method (Katz, 2002; Rapley, 2007; Szczepaniak, 2012) was used to analyse (of) the data for the “participation” category, namely: the methods, historical context, pragmatic context and “values”, namely: norms, problematization, objectives of activities. Documents generated on the basis of the categories "participation" and "values" were encoded according to the occurrence of the categories "inclusion", which were then analyzed on the basis of the two dimensions of van Dijk's discourse mentioned above. The first dimension of discourse – the formal features of language – has been operationalized by searching for such words as: inclusion, attachment, integration and exclusion, marginalization. On this basis, a frequency analysis was carried out. In addition, entries that fit the definition of social inclusion/exclusion and were read in the context of the statement were searched for, e.g. the slogan from the banner: "Poland for Poles". The second dimension of the discourse – the communicative event – has been operationalised on the basis of forms of expression and their content – what activities and who they concern, e.g. workshops for young people from marginalised areas, including refugees. The youth organisations we study are structured organisations that require membership and commitment. They were selected by us on the basis of two separately applied criteria: the criterion of status (membership in the PROM) and visibility (media presence, especially in the Internet space). Six organisations were selected. AIESEC Poland, ATD Fourth World, Horizons Centre for Youth Initiatives, UNESCO Centre for Initiatives, All-Polish Youth and National-Radical Camp. The first four organizations belong to PROM, the other two do not, but all of them are visible in the Internet space.

The preliminary results of the analyses lead to several conclusions, which are preliminary and subject to deepening: - social inclusion as a linguistic phenomenon and communicative event often appears in statements of a dialogue nature; - the frequency analysis showed the use of words related to inclusion and exclusion; Importantly, words related to exclusion always appear in the context of counteracting exclusion; - exclusive content can most often be extracted from the context of the statement, e.g. "Poland for Poles", "honour to the Catholic family"; - the dominant subjects of inclusive content are: poor people and migrants, but not people with disabilities; - an interesting type of inclusion emerges, as the inclusion of broadly understood others into society through the activities undertaken by the organization and as the inclusion of the organization in the social environment. In Poland, as a country with Christian roots, mainly Catholic, the celebration of Christmas, for example, is very important. The question may be asked how organizations deal with the celebration of tradition in a situation of interculturality, which is an undoubted fact. Is it an exclusionary space or, on the contrary, an inclusive one? For example, the ATD Fourth World Poland, founded by a Catholic father Józef Wrzesiński, can operate on the basis of the functioning of the Catholic Church and exclude people of other faiths. Is that the case? Preliminary analyses have shown that this organization, despite its Catholic origin, does not use exclusionary linguistic practices, but on the contrary, they show openness to every person, especially those who need support.

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