Schoools as Institutions of Gender Discrimination
Author(s):
Hasan Arslan
Conference:
ECER 2010
Network:
23. Policy Studies and Politics of Education
Format:
Paper

Session Information

23 SES 05 A, Education, Social Inequalities and Gender II

Paper Session

Time:
2010-08-26
08:30-10:00
Room:
M.B. SALI 5, Päärakennus / Main Building
Chair:
Terri Seddon

Contribution

The members grown out of their society obtain the culture through socialization process by learning method, passing from the generations. Socialization is a transmitting process of all values, skills, routines, norms and rules admitted by the society, like good and bad, correct and incorrect criteria. To determine of the content and form of the socialization process realized by learning method (Tolan, 1983). School plays an important role in this process.  It is obvious that from the first year to the graduation, the content of the schedules, the course books, the sentences in the course books, even the words and pictures in them will affect the future thoughts and the behaviors of the students. 

            Schools are important players in the formation of gender (Alverman, 2001). Through their dominant discourses, schools help to teach boys about being male and becoming a man (Cornell, 2008; Gilbert & Gilbert, 1998; Jackson & Salisbury, 1996; Mills, 2001; Skelton, 2001). They are taught to be boys and men by gendered, sexualized, classed and racialized discourses associated with such things as management, discipline, sport, play, knowledge, assessment, and teacher/student and student/student relations (Foster and associates, 2001; Kenway, 1997).

 

In classrooms, one of the most important demonstrations of gender in literacy can be found in the texts that children write, often with the differerences between boys and girls writing being very noticeable /Davies & Banks, 1992). Text are important influences that shape us by reflecting the politics and values of any society. They present images of ourselves, and they model and shape our definitions and expectations of how we should behave, think, and feel as male and female in our world (Fox, 1993: Hicks, 2001; McCarthey & Moje, 2002).

Method

The descriptive method and document scanning were used in this research. A questionnaire applied to 150 teachers additionally to the searching of all the books in primary school level. 200 teachers working at these schools taken as a sample by the method of randomly. In this research, all of the course books are examined in primary school education level by pointing out the fact that the course books play a very important role in the formation of gender discrimination. The answers tried to find out for the questions of “Are there any words and pictures mentioning about gender discrimination in primary school course books?”, “Does the gender discrimination differentiate according to the class levels?”, “Is there gender discrimination in primary school books according to the perceptions of the teachers?”.

Expected Outcomes

According to the descriptive findings of the research, in the check of the perception of gender discrimination in personal beliefs and values, found that the male participants have higher gender role perception than females. Male teachers have higher gender role attitudes and thoughts than female teachers. Both male and female participants, class and branch teachers think that there is a gender discrimination structure in the course books. They have the opinion of that the course books does not approach equally to both genders. The gender role perception in society differentiates according to the age in the results of Anova and Tukey Tests. Young teachers have higher gender role perceptions in social structure. The expected outcomes of the analysis of the course books seems that the number of boys pictures will be quite high and words about gender discriminations will be seen in the course books.

References

General References Arslan, Ş A(2000) Ders Kitaplarında Cinsiyetçilik, TC Başbakanlık Kadının Statüsü ve Sorunları Genel Müdürlüğü Yayınları, Ankara. Barret, M (1995) Günümüzde Kadına Uygulanan Baskı, Çev. Şen Süer, Pencere Yayınları, İstanbul. Beauvoir, S. (1993) Kadın Genç Kızlık Çağı, Çev. Bertan Onaran, Payel Yayınevi, İstanbul. Berktay, F. (1997) Tanımlanması Serbest Bir Nesne: Kadın, Kadınların Gündemi içinde, der. Necla ARAT, Say Yayınları, İstanbul. Bottomore, T.; Nisbet, R. (1997) Sosyolojik Çözümlemenin Tarihi, Çev. Mete Tuncay, Aydın Uğur, Ayraç Yayınevi, Ankara. Çakır, S. (1996) Osmanlı Kadın Hareketi, Metis Kadın Araştırmaları, İstanbul. Dally, M. (1973) Tanrı Babanın Ötesinde, Payel Yayınevi, İstanbul. Davies, M. (1982) Üçüncü Dünyada İkinci Cins, Çev. Nesrin Arman, Pencere Yayınları, İstanbul. Douglas, C.-A., (1995) Sevgi ve Politika, Kavram Yayınları, İstanbul. Firestone, S., (1980) Cinselliğin Diyalektiği, Payel Yayınevi, İstanbul. Geraghty, C. (1991) Kadınlar ve Pembe Dizi, Çev. Nur Nirven Afa Yayınları, İstanbul. Graber, G. H. (1996) Kadın Psikolojisi, Çev. Kamuran Şipal, Cem Yayınevi, İstanbul. Greer, G. (1997) Cinselliği Biten Kadın, Çev. Selma Erseven, Doruk Yayımcılık, Ankara. Gök, F. (1993) Türkiye’de Eğitim ve Kadınlar, 1980’ler Türkiye’sinde Kadın Bakış Açısından Kadınlar içinde, der. Şirin Tekeli, İletişim Yayınları, İstanbul. Gök, F. (2004) Eğitimde Cinsiyetçilik Bağımsız Bildiriler, Eğitim-Sen 1. Kadın Kurultayı, Eğitim-Sen Yayınları, s. 167-174, Ankara. Helvacıoğlu, F. (1994) 1928’den 1994’e Ders Kitaplarında Cinsiyetçilik Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Siyaset Bilimi Bölümü, İstanbul. Helvacıoğlu, F. (1996) Ders Kitaplarında Cinsiyetçilik, Kaynak Yayınları, İstanbul. Russel, B. (1993) Evlilik ve Ahlak, Çev. Vasıf Eranus, Say Yayınları, Ankara. Scully, D. (1994) Tecavüz Cinsel Şiddeti Anlamak, Çev. Şiin Tekeli, Laleper Aytek, Metis Yayınları, İstanbul. Segal, L. (1990) Gelecek Kadın mı?, Çev. Suğra Öncü, Afa Yayınları, İstanbul .....

Author Information

Hasan Arslan
Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University / Educational Research Institutions, Canakkale-Turkey
Department of Education
Canakkale

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