Academic Identity-trajectory: Constructing an Identity Through Time
Author(s):
Conference:
ECER 2011
Format:
Paper

Session Information

22 SES 06 C, Academic Work and Professional Development

Paper Session

Time:
2011-09-14
15:00-16:30
Room:
KL 29/235,1 FL., 28
Chair:
Anu Haamer

Contribution

Interest in the nature and purpose of early career academic experience continues to grow regardless of national boundaries (Nerad et al, 2007; Akerlind, 2005; UK Council for Science and Technology, 2007). Over the past five years, two research teams, one in the UK and one in Canada, have been conducting parallel programs of research – with the intention to examine doctoral student, research staff and new lecturer experiences, largely but not exclusively in the social sciences. This inquiry is situated in a growing international literature examining how becoming academics navigate and can be supported in their journeys (e.g., Barnes & Austin, 2009; Bazeley, 2003; Kamler & Thomson, 2006).

 

In common with others examining the experience of becoming academics (e.g., Colbeck, 2008), our work is framed within an identity perspective, in particular academic identity-trajectory (McAlpine et al, 2010). This construct emerged mid-way through our first funded research program and incorporates a biographical view of identity. Identity-trajectory focuses on the progression of experiences, intentions and emotions through time which can be constructed as a narrative, connecting events in a meaningful way whether looking forward or back. The underlying premise is that narratives can integrate two aspects of identity construction: the permanence of an individual’s perception of personal identity combined with the sense of personal change rather than stability through time (Elliott, 2005).

 

Individually distinct past experiences influence present intentions and engagement in academic work as well as future imagined possibilities. Essential is the interweaving of personal values, intentions, emotions and responsibilities in how work is approached and experienced. Yet unexpected constraints (and serendipity) may lead elsewhere. In other words, throughout their lives individuals endeavour to exercise their agency – though within social, personal and physical constraints. As regards engagement with academic work, we perceive three interwoven developing strands: networking (present and past relationships which serve as resources as well as carry responsibilities), intellectual (contributions to the field leading to recognition) and institutional (resources and responsibilities that can further or hinder both networking and intellectual work.

 

Since this concept first emerged, the two teams have continued to conduct studies. These include but are not limited to: doctoral student experience of the gendered nature of being a physicist; students with emotionally challenging doctoral journeys; influence of biography on varied experiences of common doctoral programs; imagined careers of doctoral students and research staff; intellectual as well as physical re-location of research staff; challenges for an ESL Engineering lecturer to become successful in English grant writing; and integrating the demands of being a newly appointed academic with being a new doctoral supervisor.

 

This paper draws on these studies, synthesizing the findings, in order to enrich and make more robust our understanding of early academic career experience and the conceptualization of identity-trajectory. We were intrigued to examine the ways in which past intentionality, emotion and experience influenced present experiences and individual’s narratives of the future; underlying this interest was a desire to understand how the personal might intersect with the academic, and the networking, intellectual and institutional strands interweave.

 

Method

Over 60 social science doctoral students and research staff from two universities in Canada and three in the UK participated in our research program. Also interviewed were 30 pre-tenure academics, mostly but not all in the social sciences. Smaller studies were also undertaken in English, Physics and Engineering. Data collection included reports of academic progress and support (and challenges to progress) completed on a regular basis over a two and a half year period, pre-interview questionnaires, interviews, and focus groups. The first step in analysis was re-reading the corpus of reports and publications representing the primary research to derive empirically-based interpretations to inform our developing notion of identity-trajectory. Subsequently, we returned to some primary data to verify the robustness of the interpretations. We also at times explored the literature in which the studies were situated in order to seek external evidence that might enhance (or alternately question) our findings.

Expected Outcomes

This secondary analysis has led to a more robust understanding of academic identity-trajectory which focuses on the progression of experiences, intentions and emotions through time. Past experiences, intentions and emotions were brought to bear in a range of contexts: a student choosing a particular doctoral program, a new supervisor deciding how to respond to a doctoral student. Present academic experiences were intimately linked to personal lives, both positively and negatively: being supported through difficult times by family, declining a position given its distance from a partner. Futures became more concrete through academic work experience, yet the personal remained a strong driver in imagined possibilities. Academic experience of resources and constraints was strongly institutionally-based. However, personal and academic networks often enabled individuals to move beyond the institutional boundaries of their work and further their intellectual pursuits. Like others (Clegg, 2005), we believe that attending to individual agency is essential in understanding academic practice. Focusing on the intentionality of individuals through time provides a counter discourse to policy arguments which tend to privilege the regulation of different institutional roles. Further, identity-trajectory provides individuals a tool for analyzing their disparate experiences of academic work in relation to their own personal and academic intentions.

References

Åkerlind, G. (2005). Postdoctoral researchers: roles, functions and career prospects. Higher Education Research and Development, 24 (1), pp. 21-40. Barnes, B., & Austin, A. (2009). The role of doctoral advising: A look at advising from the advisor's perspective. Innovative Higher Education, 33(297-315). Bazeley, P. (2003). Defining 'early career' in research Higher Education, 45(3), 257-279. Clegg, S. (2005). Theorising the mundane: The significance of agency. . . International Studies in Sociology of Education, 15(2), 149-163. Colbeck, C. L. (2008). Professional identity development theory and doctoral education. New Directions for Teaching and Learning, 113, 9-16. Elliott, J. (2005). Using narrative in social research: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. London, UK: Sage Kamler, B., & Thomson, P. (2006). Helping doctoral students write: Pedagogies for supervision. London: Routledge. McAlpine, L., Amundsen, C., & Jazvac-Martek, M. (2010). Living and imagining academic careers. In L. McAlpine & G. Akerlind (eds.). Becoming an academic: International Perspectives. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 125-154. Nerad, M., Rudd, E., Morrison, E., & Picciano, J. (2007). Social science PhDs - five+ years out: a national survey of PhDs in six fields (Highlights Report). Seattle: Centre for Innovation and Research in Graduate Education, University of Washington. UK Council for Science and Technology. (2007). Pathways to the future: The early careers of researchers in the UK. London: Council for Science and Technology.

Author Information

Lynn McAlpine (presenting / submitting)
university of oxford
Oxford
bristol university, UK
university of oxford, United Kingdom
simon fraser university, Canada

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