Assessing intermediate level work in comparative VET research
Author(s):
Marthe Geiben (presenting / submitting) Tobias Wolfgarten (presenting) Philipp Christian Grollmann
Conference:
ECER 2012
Format:
Poster

Session Information

02 SES 05.5 PS, General Poster Exhibition

General Poster Session during Lunch

Time:
2012-09-19
12:30-14:00
Room:
FCEE - Poster Exhibition Area
Chair:

Contribution

The study INDUCT aims at discovering and explaining the relationship between the quality of a country’s VET-system an employers’ recruitment and training practices. Furthermore, it seeks to enhance knowledge on three more questions and discussions: first, the question on forms of induction enterprises offer to new employees and their means of supporting their employees’ career development, second, on contexts of competence development, and third on the discussion around the benefits of work-based vocational education. (Cramer & Müller, 1994; Herget & Walden, 2002).

Looking at recent research on induction we observed that it tends to be limited in scope: often it is based on the analyses of induction processes in a selected enterprise (Drees, 2009; Rappe, 2006). A first international overview on research into induction processes has been published a little while ago (Zdravkovic, 2008). However, it mainly applies the perspective of organisational socialisation and does neither target the issue of professional knowledge and skills nor the match of qualifications, young labour market entrants and job requirements. With a special focus on VET, the BIBB already carried out a first research project concerning this subject in the late 1980’s on national level. It analyzed the learning and professional development in the first years of employment after completion of (initial) vocational education. It was found out that continuing learning and education after apprenticeship became increasingly important.

As an international comparative study in four countries (United Kingdom, Spain, Finland and Germany), different problems had to be tackled, particularly due to different meanings and understanding of concepts. One of such challenges was a variety of connotations of the concept of “intermediate level work”. As a feasibility study, one goal of our study was finding common criteria that can be applied across different countries and sectors. This contribution is based on results of the project “INDUCT, that we presented already last year at the ECER. Last year’s presentation gave a general overview on the project and some selected results, the aim of this year’s poster is to focus on methodological problems and considerations. Our poster will provide a methodological overview on our understanding  of “intermediate skilled work” and attampts to assess this in an employer survey. For this reason we “de-constructed” the concept intro three dimensions:

  • Competence development
  • Tasks and Work organisation
  • Wages

A major intention behind this was to formulate items for the questionnaire that are free of “pedagogical jargon” and do not pre-suppose a joint understanding of the concept. Based on this dimensioning we have formulated items of which we hope that they provide valid indicators for “intermediate level work”.

Method

The INDUCT I project was designed as a pre-test, with the aim of assessing the feasibility of a larger scaled study of this type. Starting point have been literature reviews, national expert reports and 15 case studies. Referring to the results of the case studies and the INDUCT objectives, a standardized survey was developed and conducted with 400 questionnaires distributed over four countries and two branches. For each of the three dimensions named under the general description, several items were used to get the most detailed and coherent definition of the concept of “intermediate level qualification”. Main indicators were induction times, competence, salary and salary development. Salaries were attached to ISCO-codes to facilitate comparability between countries. Furthermore, links were established to traditional pedagogical concepts like ISCED. Conducting and data processing challenges as well as study results were closely analyzed and adjustments were made to optimize a full study (INDUCT II).

Expected Outcomes

Selected outcomes  Differences between countries do exist concerning time, content and structure of induction: German VET graduates are seen as quite well prepared for their work tasks after initial training and need less induction efforts; especially in the more school based VET systems of Spain and Finland longer induction periods are reported up to three years.  In business administration there seems to be more leeway across countries in terms of qualifications as well as work organisation than in car-service.  IVET in general is estimated as good in the different countries, but looking more detailed, there are differences of estimation depending on the VET-system.  There are differences between car service and business administration in terms of necessary induction times. There seems to be a better fit between job-requirements and qualifications in the business administration field than in the field of car service.  Induction time has a relation as well to the type of IVET as to the type of needed knowledge and competences.  Salaries are, in combination with the educational level, a possibility to define intermediate skill level in occupations.

References

Cramer, G., & Müller, K. (1994). Nutzen der betrieblichen Berufsausbildung. Köln: Deutscher Instituts-Verlag. Drees, B. J. (2009). Die Einarbeitung in die Praxis als Schlüsselelement eines Bildungssystems der Zukunft. Ein Konzept für die Weiterentwicklung von Traineeausbildung in innovativen Unternehmen. München: Hampp. Herget, H., & Walden, G. (2002). Nutzen der betrieblichen Ausbildung für Betriebe - erste Ergebnisse einer empirischen Erhebung. Berufsbildung in Wissenschaft und Praxis(6), 32-37. Rappe, C. (2006). Die Einarbeitung neuer Mitarbeiter als pädagogischer Prozess. Aufgezeigt am Beispiel einer Firma der Kerntechnik. Zdravkovic, D. (2008). Gute Mitarbeiter durch gute Einarbeitung. Kritische Analyse des internationalen Forschungsstandes. Dresden: Techn. Univ., Fak. Wirtschaftswiss.

Author Information

Marthe Geiben (presenting / submitting)
Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training (BIBB)
International monitoring and benchmarking
Bonn
Tobias Wolfgarten (presenting)
Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training (BIBB)
Section 1.1 Basic Issues of Internationalisation / Monitoring of Vocational Education and Training Systems
Bonn
Bundesinstitut für Berufsbildung
Internationales Benchmarking/Europäische Berufsbildungspolitik
Bonn

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