Teacher Learning – In What Should We Focus On?
Author(s):
Janne Pietarinen (presenting / submitting) Kirsi Pyhältö (presenting) Tiina Soini-Ikonen
Conference:
ECER 2012
Format:
Paper

Session Information

01 SES 05 C, Learning about Teacher Learning

Parallel Paper Session

Time:
2012-09-19
11:00-12:30
Room:
FCEE - Aula 2.9
Chair:
Janne Pietarinen

Contribution

Introduction
Teacher’s professional learning is regulated by the complex dynamic between the teacher and their working environment rather than a single personal or environmental attribute (Pyhältö et al., 2011; Vermunt & Endedijk, 2011). The school constitutes a multiple, interactive, complementary and sometimes even contradictory learning environments for the teachers. This means that teachers may simultaneously experience engagement, joy, and satisfaction in their classroom interactions with pupils along with feelings of inadequacy caused by problems in collaborating with parents. The success in these parallel social environments regulates teachers’ capacity to adopt, construct and develop their work and to promote their work-related well-being (Soini et al. 2010).
Accordingly as suggested by the employee-working environment fit framework (Locke 1969, p. 316), the recognition of a fit or a misfit has shown to have a strong impact not only on the teacher’s occupational well-being, but also on their commitment, performance and learning. (e.g. Langelaan et al., 2006; Meyer et al., 2010.)
A lack of concurrence between the teacher and the working environment produces stress, job dissatisfaction, and in the worst case burnout (Sharplin et al., 2011). In turn, a good fit between a teacher and their working environment is suggested to promote occupational well-being, often operationalized as work engagement (Hakanen et al., 2006). Accordingly, a concurrence between the teacher and their working environment has been reported to promote positive work drive, engagement and teacher resilience when facing professional problems and set-backs (Hallberg & Schaufeli, 2006). A combination of high levels of engagement and resilience has also shown to be associated to higher job satisfaction, lower level of exhaustion as well as good job performance among teachers (Xanthopoulou et al., 2009). These professional mastery experiences enable and empower the teacher learning.
This study intends to gain a better understanding of the dynamics that contribute to both teachers’ occupational well-being and a concurrence between the teacher and their working environment. Based on previous research we hypothesised that there is interrelation between teachers 1) perceived well-being strategies and burnout experience, 2) perceived well-being strategies and the working environment fit as well as 3) perceived experienced burnout and working environment fit. 

Method

Instrument and participants The survey used in the present study is developed and validated by the authors. The questionnaire includes following scales: 1) social working environment fit in terms of professional community (6 items), (2) occupational well-being strategies (8 items) and 3) teacher social burnout inventory (9 items). The survey was send to 6000 comprehensive school teachers, including (n=2000) class-, (n=2000) subject- and (n=2000) special education teachers. The randomized sample presented well the whole teacher population in Finland. Altogether 2301 comprehensive school teachers, including class- (n=814; 35%), subject- (n=727; 32%), and special education teachers (n=760; 33%) completed the survey. The total response rate was 40%. All respondents had MA degrees, and they were all in various phases of their career. Data and method The data were analysed by means of structural equation modelling. In this study, the model aims to confirm the hypothesized latent factor structures for the working environment fit, occupational well-being strategies and social burnout indicators. Moreover, the recursive path model aims to estimate with to what extent perceived well-being strategies regulate the risk of teacher burnout and how perceived working environment fit is explained by perceived occupational well-being strategies and mediated by the risk of teacher burnout.

Expected Outcomes

Results The results confirmed that the model fit the data. The latent factor structures for the social working environment fit, occupational well-being strategies and teacher social burnout indicators were also identified. Teacher’s occupational well-being strategies; adaptation to the work intensity, social support from the colleagues and identification of challenges and resources at work explained the risk of teacher burnout. Moreover, occupational well-being strategies and teacher social burnout indicators; exhaustion, cynicism towards teacher community and inadequacy in teacher-pupil relationship explained perceived organisational climate and received constructive feedback from professional community that were identified as two interrelated factors of the social working environment fit. The results showed that in school organisation various environmental as well as individual factors regulate the preconditions of contributing teacher learning. By focusing on developing teacher’s occupational well-being strategies in their every-day work, the social working environment fit perceived by teachers in a professional community can be also promoted. Moreover the risk of teacher burnout can be simultaneously decreased.

References

References Hakanen, J., Bakker, A.B., & Shcaufeli, W.B. (2006). Burnout and work engagement among teachers. Journal of School Psychology, 43, 495–513. Hallberg, U., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2006). "Same same" but different? Can work engagement be discriminated from job involvement and organizational commitment? European Psychologist, 11, 119–127. Langelaan, S., Bakker, A.B., Van Doornen, L.J.P. & Schaufeli, W.B. (2006). Burnout and work engagement: Do individual differences make a difference? Personality and Individual Differences, 40, 521–532. Locke, E. A. (1969). What is Job Satisfaction? Organizational Behavior & Human Performance 4, 309–336. Meyer, J.P., Hecht, T.D., Harjinder, G. & Toplonytsky, L. (2010). Person–organization (culture) fit and employee commitment under conditions of organizational change: A longitudinal study. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 76 (3), 458–473. Pyhältö, K., Pietarinen, J. & Salmela-Aro, K. (2011). Teacher - working environment fit as a framework for burnout experienced by Finnish teachers. Teaching and Teacher Education 27 (7), 1101–1110. Sharplin, E., O’Neill, M. & Chapman, A. (2011). Coping strategies for adaptation to new teacher appointments: Intervention for retention. Teaching and Teacher Education, 27 (1), 136–146. Soini, T., Pyhältö, K., & Pietarinen, J. (2010). Pedagogical Well-being: Reflecting learning and well-being in teachers' work. Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice 16 (6), 765–782. Vermunt, J.D. & Endedijk, M.D. (2011). Patterns in teacher learning in different phases of the professional career Learning and Individual Differences, 21(3), 294–302. Xanthopoulou, D., Bakker, A.B., Demerouti, E., & Schaufeli, W.B. (2009). Reciprocal relationships between job resources, personal resources, and work engagement. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 74, 235–44.

Author Information

Janne Pietarinen (presenting / submitting)
University of Joensuu
Faculty of Education
Joensuu
Kirsi Pyhältö (presenting)
University of Helsinki
Behavioural Sciences
Helsinki
University of Tampere
School of Education
University of Tampere, Tampere

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