Enacting Key Skills-based Curricula in Secondary Education: Lessons from a Technology-mediated, Group-based Learning Initiative
Author(s):
Keith Johnston (presenting / submitting) Damian Murchan (presenting) Claire Conneely John Lawlor
Conference:
ECER 2012
Format:
Paper

Session Information

03 SES 04 B, Formative Evaluation as Part of Curriculum Development

Parallel Paper Session

Time:
2012-09-19
09:00-10:30
Room:
FFL - Aula 4 B
Chair:
Wilmad Kuiper

Contribution

Bridge21 is an innovative approach to learning for secondary education that is team and project based and that takes place in a technology mediated environment.  Bridge21 was conceptualised initially as an outreach intervention whereby participants attended workshops at a dedicated learning space within a third-level institution focusing on a particular model of technology-mediated group-based learning (Lawlor, Conneely, Tangney, 2010). This paper analyses the current expansion of the Bridge21 project to six mainstream schools against a back-drop of Government led reforms for lower secondary education in Ireland (National Council for Curriculum and Assessment, 2011).  The key skills central to the proposed reforms aim to make education more relevant to the challenges of 21st century living and to empower students to think critically, communicate effectively and work collaboratively, amongst other skills.  This paper investigates the viability of the Bridge21 model in facilitating the promotion of a selection of these key skills within the context of six participant schools.

 

Specifically the objectives of the paper are as follows:

  • 1.      Describe implementation of an intervention and associated teacher professional development programme (Bridge21) designed to facilitate the embedding of key skills-oriented teaching and learning in secondary education.
  • 2.      Illustrate students’ and teachers’ experiences and views regarding the Bridge21 intervention.
  • 3.      Identify factors that facilitate and impede the implementation of the Bridge21 model within participant schools.
  • 4.      Assess the viability of the Bridge21 model as a vehicle for realising selected key skills amongst students in the participating schools.

 

The research assumes that articulating desired learning outcomes in the form of key skills provides an appropriate theoretical framework for curriculum organisation.  The prevalence of the key skills approach in policy initiatives at European and wider international levels is evidence of this view (European Communities, 2007; Ananiadou & Claro, 2009).  Enacting key skills policies suggests a more cross-curricular/thematic approach to teaching and learning as distinct from the subject based approach, as called for in the national curriculum innovation that provides the backdrop for this work.  The Bridge21 model assumes also that technology can be an enabling factor in an approach to teaching and learning which is constructivist and constructionist in nature. Whilst embracing technology as an enabling factor, the exploration of alternative approaches to pedagogy and new models of classroom practices is required also. McGarr (2009) suggests that in order to meaningfully integrate ICT, policies should be presented not as ICT initiatives, but as initiatives in teaching and learning. In responding to Resnick’s (2000) call for an approach to pedagogy which involves “knowledge-based constructivism and effort-based learning,” Bridge21 aims to apply flexibility and innovation in learning by employing group based project-oriented approaches which encourage creativity, collaboration, problem solving and design skills, mediated by technology. This is particularly relevant in the context of the development of 21st century skills such as information and digital literacy.

 

Method

Participants in the study are sixty teachers and three hundred students in six secondary schools in the Republic of Ireland. Sustained professional development is provided to teachers over the course of one school year, which includes hands-on modelling of the use of technology to mediate key skills acquisition. Simultaneous support centred on developing group skills is provided directly to students, as per the relational approach advocated by Blatchford et al. (2006). Programme delivery and outcomes are evaluated using carefully-constructed procedures yielding a mixture of quantitative and qualitative data. Pre- and post-programme questionnaires for students help capture any shifts in learning experiences, beliefs and attitudes associated with the Bridge21 approach. Questionnaires are also being used with teachers to explore their teaching philosophy, practice and views on the new learning model. These data are supplemented with a number of focus groups designed to reveal how teachers make sense of the approach, reflecting the part-constructivist epistemology underpinning the investigation in keeping with Bryman (2008). Standardised measures of reasoning will help explore possible cognitive impact outcomes in relation to students’ participation in the programme. Appropriate numeric and text-based data analyses are employed, consistent with the mixed-methods research design.

Expected Outcomes

Provisional analyses of data highlight a variety of student experiences and attitudes in relation to learning coupled with widespread but not universal teacher enthusiasm and engagement with the initiative and its associated professional development. Post-programme data will facilitate comparison in relation to a number of variables and themes central to the investigation such as possible shifts in the learning experiences perceived by students and in the levels of collaborative work and task based learning. This will in turn facilitate analysis of the efficacy of the Bridge21 model in mediating key skills specifically associated with students’ creative potential, communication, collaborative learning and their awareness and control in relation to managing information. Overall, the pre-post mixed-methods design will lead to greater understanding of the potential of this intervention to support teaching and learning in the context of key skills based curricula. Many educational systems now prioritise reforms in relation to key skills and the embedding of technology within teaching and learning. Consistent with this policy agenda, the present programme looks at the interdependent and facilitative nature of technology and skills and the findings will have significance both nationally and internationally.

References

Ananiadou, K. and Claro. M. (2009). 21st Century Skills and Competences for New Millennium Learners in OECD Countries. OECD Education Working Papers, No. 41. OECD Publishing. http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/download/fulltext/5ks5f2x078kl.pdf?expires=1328011614&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=BEC7EA6E7703582716090994CD6F505A Blatchford, P., Baines, E., Rubie-Davies, C., Bassett, P., & Chowne, A. (2006). The Effect of a New Approach to Group Work on Pupil–Pupil and Teacher–Pupil Interactions. Journal of Educational Psychology, 98(4), 750-765. Bryman, A. (2008). Social research methods. Third edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. European Communities (2007). Key competences for lifelong learning; European reference framework. Belgium: European Communities. http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/education_culture/publ/pdf/ll-learning/keycomp_en.pdf Lawlor, J., Conneely C., Tangney, B. (2010). Towards a Pragmatic Model for Group-Based, Technology-Mediated, Project-Oriented Learning – An Overview of the B2C Model. TECH-EDUCATION 2010. M. D. Lytras. Athens, Greece, Springer. 73: 602-609. McGarr, O. (2009). The development of ICT across the curriculum in Irish schools: a historical perspective. British Journal of Educational Technology 40(6): 1094-1108. National Council for Curriculum and Assessment (2011). Towards a Framework for Junior Cycle. http://ncca.ie/framework/doc/NCCA-Junior-Cycle.pdf Resnick, L. (2000). Learning organisations for sustainable education reform. First ESRC Teaching and Research Programme, University of Leicester.

Author Information

Keith Johnston (presenting / submitting)
Trinity College Dublin
Dublin 2
Damian Murchan (presenting)
Trinity College Dublin
School of Education
Dublin 2
Centre for Research in IT in Education, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
Centre for Research in IT in Education, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland

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