Obstacles of Teachers´ Professional Development
Author(s):
Karel Stary (presenting / submitting)
Conference:
ECER 2012
Format:
Paper

Session Information

01 SES 02 C, Leaders’ and Organisations’ Influence on CPD

Parallel Paper Session

Time:
2012-09-18
15:15-16:45
Room:
ESI 1 - Aula 23
Chair:
Katja Vähäsantanen

Contribution

The  paper  refers about finding of our qualitative research which goal was to answer the question how the teachers view their professional development. We were interested in perception of their developmental needs and what obstacles obstruct against their professional development.   

The professional development of teachers has the indirect impact on achievement of students through improving teachers’ knowledge and skills and changing their instruction (Yoon et al., 2007).

If any activity of the professional development, for example training, mentoring or shadowing, will not bring some permanent changes into the everyday instruction of teachers, is not possible to assume the changes in students´ achievement. However, to bring the benefits from programs of professional development of teachers to the clasrooms suppose reduction of many obstacles as is the shortage of time for preparation and realization of the instruction, lack of teaching materials and human resources or missing support from the management of schools or other teachers. (Yoon et al., 2007). Except of these organizational obstacles there are also individual ones. Borko (2004) as a key condition for effective teacher learning considers willingness to change and develop own teaching. Also other authors argue that teachers´ beliefs strongly influence their teaching and their changing is very often crucial for changes (Fenstermacher & Soltis, 2007).

Method

The goal of our research was to describe how the teachers view their professional development. Tangibly we were interested in their perception of their developmental needs and what obstacles obstruct against their professional development. We made overall 61 individual in-depth interviews with teachers and headmasters from 5 basic (primary and lower secondary) schools in different locations, one focus group with principals of schools, one focus group with members of teacher leadership and one focus group with teachers. All the interviews were transcribed and analyzed with coding approach of grounded theory (Strauss & Corbin, 1998; Charmaz, 2006) and other techniques (Miles & Hubermann, 1994).

Expected Outcomes

Analyses of the interview identified many obstacles that blockade development of teachers. Principals appoint the organizational and financial problems with substitution of teachers in time of their attendance at teacher training courses, absence of the carrier levels, systematic approach of the state to the in-service teacher training, system of induction new teachers, etc. Teacher leadership (York-Barr & Duke, 2004) use this concept for middle school management administrators appoint for example low consideration of the meaning of teacher education from managers of schools, lack of time, lack of finances, overloading by administrative tasks, lack of teaching materials. Teachers consider as the main obstacles for example the relationship with other teachers, missing cooperation among teachers, behavior of students, relationship with parents, crowded classes, low prestige of the teachers´profession.

References

Borko, H. (2004). Professional Development and Teacher Learning: Mapping the Terrain. Educational Researcher, 33(8). http://www.aera.net/uploadedFiles/Journals_and_Publications/Journals/Educational_Researcher/Volume_33_No_8/02_ERv33n8_Borko.pdf Fenstermacher, G. D. & Soltis J. F. (2007) Approaches to Teaching. New York: Teacher College Press. Charmaz, K. (2006). Constructing Grounded Theory. London: Sage. Miles, M.B. and Huberman, A.M. Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded Sourcebook, 2nd ed., Sage Publications, Newbury Park, CA, 1994. Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1998). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Yoon, K. S., Duncan, T., Lee, S. W.-Y., Scarloss, B. & Shapley, K.. Reviewing the evidence on how teacher professional development affects student achievement (Issues & Answers Report, REL 2007–No. 033). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance, Regional Educational Laboratory Southwest. 2007. Retrieved from http://ies.ed.gov/ncee/edlabs York-Barr, J. & Duke, K. (2004). What do we know about teacher leadership? Findings from two decades of scholarship. Review of Educational Research 74(3), 255-316.

Author Information

Karel Stary (presenting / submitting)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Education, Czech Republic

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