The EU Comenius project Using Data for Improving School and Student Performance aims to develop professional learning communities within schools and qualify them in their use of tools that support effective data use for the improvement of educational outcomes. To plan a pilot course to reach this goal, a survey has been administered to ten piloting schools in the five project partners’ countries UK, Poland, the Netherlands, Lithuania, and Germany to determine the current types and the extent of use of educational data. The survey addressed various aspects including data characteristics, user characteristics, organizational characteristics and the current use of data. The focus was on data access as well as organizational development procedures in place. The analysis of the 398 teachers’ responses shows significant differences across all countries, especially between two groups: Schools in Poland, Lithuania and the United Kingdom take the lead in the practice of data use while the schools from The Netherlands and Germany show less activity in many categories. This paper presents and discusses the results of an exploratory factor analysis with specification search and structural equation modeling. Key factors for change in educational data use were identified across countries and for individual countries.