Towards The Development Of Teacher Professional Knowledge From The Perspectives Of University Lecturers And Experienced Teachers
Author(s):
Michaela Artmann (presenting / submitting) Petra Herzmann
Conference:
ECER 2013
Format:
Paper

Session Information

10 SES 12 A, Paper Session

Paper Session

Time:
2013-09-13
09:00-10:30
Room:
A-201
Chair:
Jae Major
Discussant:
Michaela Artmann

Contribution

Between 2009 and 2011, within the framework of BA/MA courses being introduced in all European countries, the University of Cologne carried out a new model programme to evaluate an innovative curriculum in teacher education, responding to long-standing criticism within European discourse, that namely there is a gap between the knowledge imparted by the university on the one hand and knowledge and know-how that is needed in school practice on the other hand. Rarely application-related knowledge transfer in teacher education at the university would often only stimulate so called 'passive' or 'inert' knowledge (see Neuweg 2007). Thus, teacher education graduates are still only able to a limited extent, to use scientific theoretical knowledge for interpreting, reflecting and solving (problematic) situations within an educational context (see e.g. Korthagen 2001, Mandl & Gerstenmeier 2000). The reasons given in the literature are, for example, insufficient organisation or connection of knowledge in university teaching or inadequate reflection of one’s own ‘subjective theories‘ about pedagogical activity (see e.g. Wahl 2008).

Therefore, by taking into account the approaches mentioned in the literature, the aspect of reflexive theory-practice-reference became the initial point for the development and testing of new teaching and learning concepts and formats (e.g. portfolio work, case studies, video analyses, expert modelling and simulation games) within the “Koelner Modellkolleg Bildungswissenschaften“.

The participants spent one day a week observing or teaching lessons in one of the cooperating schools over a period of four semesters. The teachers, in turn, joined the seminars of the model programme and actively participated in the reflection processes on the students’ school experiences (see Artmann et al 2010).   

My study is based on the question concerning which different types of knowledge and know-how are relevant for professionals and how they can be acquired - both from the point of view of the participants involved, namely the university lecturers, the cooperating teachers and students of the model programme. In this way, my work contributes to the definition of the relationship between different types of knowledge in the development of teacher education, especially concerning the proportion of scientific knowledge and practical technical (action) know-how (see Radtke 1996).

The lecture focuses on the perspective of the university lecturers in the new model programme defining ”relevant professional knowledge“. It reconstructs, on the one hand, their access to different types of knowledge and their understanding of cooperation between university and partner schools.  On the other hand it relates their perspective to the perspective of the cooperating teachers and their understanding of knowledge and self-image within the jointly organised and managed teacher education.

Method

Data collection was carried out via problem-centered interviews with all three groups of participants: teachers, students and university lecturers (see Flick 2007). As recommended by Witzel (2000), the process of gaining knowledge is organised as an inductive-deductive interplay. Thus, based on preliminary hypotheses that serve as heuristic-analytic framework within the data collection phase, the interviewees were given an impetus for free narratives using open questions on the topics of: (1) Own experiences within the „Koelner Modellkolleg“ and (in contrast) within teacher education in general. (2) Own understanding of knowledge. (3) Effective theory-practice-reference and (4) Expectations concerning cooperation within teacher education. Firstly, single case analyses were evaluated following the grounded theory methods (see Glaser & Strauss 1998, Witzel 2000), thereby using the classification of Neuweg (2004) concerning different interpretations of the relationship between knowledge and know-how within teacher education as initial heuristic set of categories. The first aim was to point out similarities and disparities within each group of participants by a contrastive case comparison analysis. The second, superior aim is to construct a substantiated typology that captures and represents the various approaches to professional knowledge and the respective individual appreciation of different types of knowledge in teacher education in universities.

Expected Outcomes

The lecturer interviews show a closer approach to the theories and a stronger reference to integration concepts, that indicate a close relationship between theoretical knowledge and practical vocational know-how (Neuweg 2004), than the teacher interviews, that predominantly refer to difference concepts considering knowledge and know-how as two practically separate worlds. This consequently influences the lecturers’ as well as the teachers’ definition of “relevant teacher professional knowledge” and “effective theory-practice-reference” within teacher education. However, the understanding of knowledge and the access to teacher education seems to depend on the professional discipline of the lecturers, who see the necessity of having a stronger interdisciplinary collaboration with their colleagues in the university. In contrast to the teachers, who mostly doubt the usefulness of scientific theories for their everyday professional life, the university lecturers would also like to have a more intensive cooperation with the teachers, especially in relating theoretical knowledge to the school experiences of their students. Further scrutiny is required to clarify more deeply the different accesses to knowledge and the diverse self-images of teachers and university lecturers concerning their cooperation as well as to answer the question regarding which new concepts that foster the theory-practice-reference could be suitable within this cooperation.

References

Artmann, M., Herzmann, P., Karduck, S. & Koenig, J. (2010). Das Koelner Modellkolleg Bildungswissenschaften: Konzeption und Evaluationsdesign einer kompetenzorientierten Lehrerbildung. In: Faulstich-Christ et al (Eds.). Kompetenzorientierung in Theorie, Forschung und Praxis (pp. 256-274). Immenhausen. Flick, U. (2007). Qualitative Sozialforschung. Reinbek. Glaser, B.G. & Strauss, A.G. (1998). Grounded Theory. Strategien qualitativer Forschung. Bern. Korthagen, F.A. (2001). Linking practice and theory. The pedagogy of realistic teacher education. Mahwah, N.J. Mandl, H. & Gerstenmaier, J. (Ed., 2000). Die Kluft zwischen Wissen und Handeln. Goettingen. Neuweg, G.H. (2004). Figuren der Relationierung von Lehrerwissen und Lehrerkoennen. In: Hackl, B. & Neuweg, G.H. (Eds.). Zur Professionalisierung paedagogischen Handelns. Muenster. Neuweg, G.H. (2007). Wie grau ist alle Theorie, wie gruen des Lebens goldener Baum? LehrerInnenbildung im Spannungsfeld von Theorie und Praxis. bwp@, 12. Radtke, F.-O. (1996). Wissen und Koennen. Die Rolle der Erziehungswissenschaft in der Erziehung. Opladen. Wahl, D. (2008). Vom traegen Wissen zum kompetenten Handeln in der Lehrerbildung. Seminar 1/2008, 88-101. Witzel, A. (2000). The Problem-Centered Interview. Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 1 (1), Art. 22.

Author Information

Michaela Artmann (presenting / submitting)
University of Cologne
Institute for General Didactics and School Research
Cologne
University of Cologne, Germany

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