Induction Processes for Job Entrants in Car Service. Comparison of France and Germany
Author(s):
Marthe Geiben (presenting / submitting)
Conference:
ECER 2013
Format:
Paper

Session Information

ERG SES H 01, Professional Development and Identity

Paper Session

Time:
2013-09-10
11:00-12:30
Room:
A-101
Chair:
Yesim Kesli Dollar

Contribution

Induction processes in work are crucial not only to become able to fulfil all relevant tasks but also to enable professional development as well as social and value oriented integration into the new organization. Furthermore, we assume that induction varies according to occupations, work organization and (vocational) education and training settings. As it is very demanding to analyse all occupations, forms of work organization and educational settings, it is worthwhile to concentrate at one occupation and select cases with a highest possible difference in terms of  educational setting and work organisation. Therefore, the focus is on car mechatronics, in two countries, that involve different educational systems and traditions and in company organization. Thus, Germany and France were selected. Although in France there is a possibility to graduate from IVET via an apprenticeship, most of the youth choose a school-based setting leading to a professional secondary school leaving certificate (“baccalauréat professionel”). In contrast, in Germany, the dual model still is a very important and popular pathway to access midlevel qualifications. Furthermore, cultural differences can be determined, according to (Hofstede et al. 2010) in terms of hierarchical organisation and of implicit and explicit norms and values. These two aspects are supposed to influence all day work organisation heavily which leads to the assumption that work is organised differently in the two countries. Therefore the question is if there are differences in induction processes between France and Germany and how they can be explained. In addition, it would be worthwhile to compare impressions and the estimation of employers regarding induction with those of employees.

As there is only scarce research on the induction of job entrants with a midlevel qualification, a single theoretical framework is difficult to define. Mostly, research focuses on graduates with higher educational diplomas (i.e., university degrees Leuze 2007)or threatens the induction process and learning within this process as a black box (Grollmann 2009). Therefore, several approaches from various disciplines (pedagogics, psychology, sociology, and economics) have to be respected by creating the theoretical framework. Especially research on work-based learning (Malloch et al. 2010) or communities of practices (Smith 1999, Lave und Wenger 2008) can serve as theoretical background from a pedagogical point of view. Looking at economic theories, aspects of human resource development (HRD) have an important impact, especially those dealing with e.g., inplacement, personal development, or employer branding (Rosenstiel et al. 2009, Kieser 2009). Looking at sociology, especially theories of organisational and professional socialisation have to be respected (Lempert 2002). Especially for the case of induction of job entrants, the aspect of socialisation into the world of adults could also be relevant. In the field of psychology, the sub stream of working and organisational psychology could play a role for the process of induction (e.g., motivation, employee retention; Mudra 2010).

Based on these literature reviews, a proper definition of induction and induction processes could be developed. The focus is on learning aspects during the induction process, reflecting the pedagogical approach.

Method

The study employs a mixed-methods approach. Elementary aspects are at the one hand an in-depth literature analysis of relevant literature from different disciplines (see above). On the other hand, case studies in Germany and France (four per country) were conducted, interviewing one person representing the employers’ point of view and one representing the employees’ point of view. The interviews were conducted in the national language (French, German), transcribed and analysed with a five-step analyse according to (Becker 2005). This analyse was supported by the MAXQDA-Program. Complementary to the qualitative part, a secondary analysis of existing quantitative data shall give supplementary information on recruitment and induction practices in the two countries. Especially the CVT-Survey could deliver interesting information on this topic for both countries. Furthermore, the German survey on qualification (“Qualifizierungspanel”) and the French study on development of graduates (“Génération”) are worthwhile analysing.

Expected Outcomes

The project aims at discovering induction practices and its relevance in all day work in car workshops in France and Germany. Based on theories of cultural dimensions it will check if possible existing differences between the countries are due to cultural differences and / or could also be explained by differences in the educational system. Besides the intercultural difference, the interest is also to the different experience and estimation of induction by employers and employees. Who sees which elements and measures as important, which ones are not quoted at all? Are these the same or can we find different focuses? As the empirical work still is in process, these questions will be answered until September. Based on the analysis of Hofstede, following selected results could be possible: • in countries with traditionally more hierarchical organisations (France) induction could be more organised and symbols more the hierarchical structure of an organisation than in countries with traditionally lower hierarchies (Germany). • in cultures where organisations are seen as “well functioning machines” (Germany) the relevance of social and value oriented induction is higher whereas in France, professional and practical oriented induction is more important, due to less practical elements during IVET.

References

Becker, Manfred (2005): Personalentwicklung. Bildung, Förderung und Organisationsentwicklung in Theorie und Praxis. 4., aktualisierte und überarb. Aufl. Stuttgart, Dresden: Schäfer-Pöschl Verlag für Wirtschaft - Steuern - Recht GmbH. Grollmann, Philipp (2009): Betriebliche Rekrutierung und Karriereentwicklung von Berufsanfängern als Indikator für die Leistungsfähigkeit von Bildungssystemen. Bundesinstitut für Berufsbildung. Bonn. Online verfügbar unter http://www2.bibb.de/tools/fodb/pdf/at_15302.pdf. Hofstede, Geert H.; Hofstede, Gert Jan; Minkov, Michael (2010): Cultures and organizations. Software of the mind ; intercultural cooperation and its importance for survival. rev. and expanded 3. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Kieser, Alfred (2009): Einarbeitung neuer Mitarbeiter. In: Lutz von Rosenstiel, Erika Regnet und Michel E. Domsch (Hg.): Führung von Mitarbeitern. Handbuch für erfolgreiches Personalmanagement. 6., überarb. Aufl. Stuttgart: Schäffer-Poeschel, S. 148–157. Lave, Jean; Wenger, Etienne (2008): Situated learning. Legitimate peripheral participation. 18. print. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press (Learning in doing). Online verfügbar unter http://www.gbv.de/dms/bowker/toc/9780521413084.pdf. Lempert, Wolfgang (2002): Berufliche Sozialisation oder was Berufe aus Menschen machen. Eine Einführung. 2., überarb. Baltmannsweiler: Schneider-Verl. Hohengehren. Leuze, Kathrin (2007): What Makes for a Good Start? Consequences of Occupation-Specific Higher Education for Career Mobility. Germany and Great Britain Compared. In: International Journal of Sociology 37 (2), S. 29–53. Malloch, Margaret S.; Cairns, Len; Evans, Karen; O'Connor, Bridget N. (Hg.) (2010): The SAGE handbook of workplace learning. London: SAGE. Mudra, Peter (2010): Pädagogisch-psychologische Motivationstheorien als Grundlage der Personalentwicklung. In: Reiner Bröckermann (Hg.): Handbuch Personalentwicklung. Die Praxis der Personalbildung, Personalförderung und Arbeitsstrukturierung. 3., überarb. und erw. Aufl. Stuttgart: Schäffer-Poeschel, S. 23–41. Rosenstiel, Lutz von; Regnet, Erika; Domsch, Michel E. (Hg.) (2009): Führung von Mitarbeitern. Handbuch für erfolgreiches Personalmanagement. 6., überarb. Aufl. Stuttgart: Schäffer-Poeschel. Online verfügbar unter http://www.gbv.de/dms/weimar/toc/588654922_toc.pdf / http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3194427&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm. Smith, Mark K. (1999): The social/situational orientation to learning (the encyclopedia of informal education). Online verfügbar unter http://www.infed.org/biblio/learning-social.htm, zuletzt aktualisiert am 1999, zuletzt geprüft am 16.07.2011.

Author Information

Marthe Geiben (presenting / submitting)
Bundesinstitut für Berufsbildung (BIBB), Germany
Basic Issues of Internationalisation / Monitoring of VET Systems
Bonn

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