Translation of Public Values into Collective Actions: University of Debrecen as a Scene of Political Socialization
Author(s):
Gyöngyvér Pataki (presenting / submitting)
Conference:
ECER 2013
Format:
Paper

Session Information

20 SES 06 B, Intercultural Learning, Identity and Citizenship

Paper Session

Time:
2013-09-11
15:30-17:00
Room:
D-403
Chair:
Christian Quvang

Contribution

Several recent studies on youth culture have demonstrated the political radicalization of young adults (Lánczi 2011; Bartlett/Birdwell/Krekó/Benfield/Győri 2012; Bustikova/Kitschelt 2009; 2011). Apart from active but small groups of radical actors, Hungarian young adults (between the age of 18-29) are lost between the plurality of social life-worlds and the political subsystems with one of the lowest participation rate in Europe. Several study on youth culture (Utasi 2008;, Szalai 2011; Csákó 2011) have demonstrated that the majority of Hungarian young adults is neither motivated to identify themselves with formal or informal communities nor readily participate in them. According to the European Social Survey the activity index of Hungarian young adults is the twenty-seventh out of the twenty eight countries measured (2010), which raises the question of the dysfunctional operation of the agents of political socialization.

While many rely on macro perspectives in their account of how institutions impact political behaviour in post-socialist countries, social scientists have rarely looked at how the seemingly irrelevant micro processes of the evolution of democratic culture adds up to significant outcomes. To see more clearly in respect of democratic processes in youth cultures the University of Debrecen launched a project (campuslet.unideb.hu) to explain how the changing forms of connectivity and privacy contribute to civic education. Within this framework the research aims to answer the question what is the relationship between the students’ shared public views and their forms of activity. How are public values translated into collective actions at the University of Debrecen?

After the political transition in a country with definite collectivist priorities there was an elementary need to redefine private and public boundaries. Parallel to the “rise of privacy”, the forms of connectivity and the notion of communities has also altered. As classical communities has turned to be communicative communities (Bauman 2000, Delanty 2003), the levels and way of commitment to institutions has changed and different identification strategies have emerged.The way public values are translated into collective actions at the University of Debrecen is predominantly determined by students’ identification strategies. If external communication in a group becomes more intensive and more important than the internal one, matter-of-factly understandable norms, values, identities and activity patterns disappear. Activity patterns become the subject of discursive argumentation and personal contemplation.  Therefore in the analysis of political participation the study of communication and orientation gain extraordinary relevance. As a result the hypothesis of the research was that the low political activity of students cannot be completely explained by their political apathy.  The underlying reasons for low participation lies in the changing forms of activity.

Method

The private rooms of two Student houses at the University of Debrecen offered an ideal opportunity to ask students about their public notion and values. The underlying assumptions guided me to choose these contrasting institutions were the following: a.) their community initiatives; b.) their intention to be hotel or home(Douglas 1991); c.) their notion on the satisfactory level of surveillance (McGrath 2004). In order to explore the nature of civic socialization of students at University of Debrecen we proposed an ethnographic study with the combination of three different methods: 1.) participant observation; 2.) 48 mini focus groups conducted among roommates; 3.) 19 Narrative interviews. Semi-conducted interviews (16) were also carried out with all relevant actors of the managment. To guide students to the verbal visual communication level where they can comfortably utter their public notions projective methods (story cubes, cognitive mapping and cards) were used as “story triggers”. The qualitative triangular methodological approach made it possible to validate our data. The analytical aspects introduced in the study were the following. First the relationship between the public values and the forms of active participation was analyzed and then the discursive and institutional embededness of activities were studied.

Expected Outcomes

Although analyzed two institutions with contrasting operational objectives, neither of them provided a scene of successful political socialization. The important finding from our analysis partly confirmed our previous hypothesis. In the semi public/semi private institutional environment students do not identify themselves with institutions or with institutional programs. Rather, they take advantage of different systemic levels and carry out individual identification strategies. In the emerging “Communicative communities” students use their communicative professionalism to avoid any unnecessary institutional commitment. Therefore their low participation in institutional programs further weakens the institutional effect in political socialization. Whereas students who tends to identify themselves with radical views are trying to preserve classical communities with “classical” identification strategies and activity patterns. By contrast to the majority of students who are not willing to take part in the ephemeral political society, they enjoy being active. From an institutional point of view, institutions with definite safety and operational priorities construct ambivalent surveillance spaces and disregard the fact that surveillance space with its ambivalent private/public character further strengthen mistrust and those social processes that change the forms of identification and active participation.

References

Bauman, Z. (2000): Luiquid Modernity. Cambridge: Polity Bartlett,J., Birdwell J., Krekó, P., Benfield J., Győri G.(2012): populism in Europe: Hungary.London:Demos. Csákó, M (2011) Állampolgárokat nevel-e az iskola. In: Bauer, B.,Szabó, A(2011).: Arctalan nemzedék?Budapest:Nemzeti Család és Szociálpolitikai Intézet. Butiskova, L., Kitschelt,H. (2009):The Radical Right in Post-Communist Europa. Comparative Perspectives on Legacies and Party Competition. Communist and Post Communist Studies 42.459-483. Delanty, G. (2003): Community. London, New York:Routledge. Douglas M. (1991): “ The Idea of a Home: A Kind of Space.” Social Research 58, no.1:287-307p Jurczyk, Karin; Oechsle, Mechtild (2008): Privatheit: Interdisziplinarität und Grenzverschiebungen. Eine Einführung. In: Dies. (Hg.): Das Private neu denken. Erosionen, Ambivalenzen, Leistungen. Münster: Westfälisches Dampfboot, S. 8-47. Lánczi, A. (szerk.) (2011): Nemzet és radikalizmus. Egy új pártcsalád felemelkedése. Budapest: Századvég Kiadó. Nodding, N (1996): On Community. Educational Theory 46: 245-267. McGrath J. E. (2004): Loving Big Brother: Performance, Privacy and Surveillance Space. London/New York: Routledge. Percheron, A. (1993): La socialisation politique. Paris: Armand Colin. Rosen, B.C. (2001): Masks and Mirrors – Generation X and the Chameleon Personality. Westport:Praeger Publishers. Szalai, E. (2011): Koordinátákon kívül. Budapest: ÚMK. Szabó, I. (2009): Nemzet és szocializáció. Budapest: L’Harmattan. Utasi, Á (2008):Vitalizing Relationships : The Effects of the Social Network on the Subjective Quality of Life. Budapest: ÚMK. ESS Round 5: European Social Survey, Round 5 (2010). Norwegian Social Science Data Services, Norway–Data Archive and Distributor of ESS Data

Author Information

Gyöngyvér Pataki (presenting / submitting)
University of Debrecen
Doctoral Program on Educational Sciences
Bocskaikert

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