New Forms of Online Learning: Institutional Policies and the Framing of Knowledge in Changing Times
Author(s):
Kate O'Connor (presenting / submitting)
Conference:
ECER 2013
Format:
Paper

Session Information

ERG SES D 01, Online Learning

Paper Session

Time:
2013-09-09
13:30-15:00
Room:
A-101
Chair:
Patrícia Fidalgo

Contribution

The last two decades have witnessed a growing debate about what constitutes appropriate sources of knowledge in education institutions. Technological advances and global shifts over this period have produced significant changes to disciplinary and interdisciplinary forms and to the practices of knowledge development and exchange (Yates 2012, Yates and Young 2010). Some theorists have interpreted these changes as a destabilizing of traditional disciplinary hierarchies and norms and criticised the extrinsic forms which now govern curriculum and pedagogy, which they see as producing greater superficiality (for example Young 2012, Muller 2012, Moore 2012). Others, in contrast, have highlighted the advances enabled by the changing and more fluid spatialization that is core to knowledge in new times (for example Peters 2007, Peters and Roberts 2012, Land 2011). The first view sees the privileging of disciplinary foundations as vital to the development of new knowledge and creativity, while the second suggests the openness afforded by the architecture of the internet creates the potential for new forms of social knowledge production outside the confines of disciplinary frameworks. 

Alongside these debates, higher education institutions have been struggling with what their programs should look like, what aspects of past forms of disciplinary organisation remain relevant, what needs to be done differently to prepare for a rapidly changing world, and how or if new technologies should be incorporated (Yates 2012). These questions are brought to sharp focus by a recent development in online learning, the rise of the global Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) phenomenon. The implications of this phenomenon and the ways in which it is disrupting traditional university curricula are of high salience for universities globally, and for Europe in particular. This paper takes up the questions about forms of knowledge and the MOOCs phenomenon by an examination of the initial stages of three different approaches to online learning being taken up at three Australian universities. It explores the ways and extent to which these initiatives interpret disciplinarity as necessary or marginal to creativity and the building of new knowledge. 

Method

The paper examines policies, promotional materials and organizational arrangements flagged in three new initiatives based at different Australian universities. It analyses in each case what is being emphasized as the driver and rationale for the new approach, and what relationships are suggested between knowledge, disciplinarity and change. The three sites include different types of institutions with divergent approaches to incorporating online learning: an elite institution developing new MOOCs outside its primary programs, an institution with a history of regional engagement and distance education redeveloping its curriculum to incorporate cloud-based learning, and a former technical college that has partnered with an online training provider to offer a selection of its degrees wholly online. The documents include materials and websites geared towards a general audience as well as position papers and strategy documents written primarily for the university community. The sites have been purposefully selected as emblematic of new developments in the online learning space and the work derives from a broader PhD project which is employing a qualitative case study methodology to look in detail at the thinking of academics and their framing of courses within those initiatives in relation to the configuration and validation of knowledge in new curriculum constructions.

Expected Outcomes

The analysis reveals similarities in the way the issue of change is being defined and responded to in the framing of institutional initiatives, notwithstanding their different approaches. Worries about competition and changing expectations are foregrounded and almost all documents emphasize issues of recruitment and engagement, and the imperative to meet the needs of mobile, time-poor students as a driver of reform. The initiatives responding to these challenges all highlight the potential for new technologies to revolutionize education in relation to pedagogical practice. The documents stress the innovative nature of the new forms of online pedagogies being developed and the possibilities they offer for collaboration and exchange. In comparison, the notion of curricular as opposed to pedagogical reform receives little attention, and curricular content is primarily portrayed as stable and established, with the emphasis on its current reputation and quality. In opposition to the work by Young and others, the documents suggest universities do not see their new online initiatives as impacting upon disciplinary forms of knowing or requiring fundamental changes to the knowledge base of the curriculum, and questions of disciplinarity versus other forms of knowing appear to remain apart from institutional-level concerns in online learning-based reform.

References

Land, R. 2011. Speed and the unsettling of knowledge in the digital university. In R. Land and S. Bayne (eds), Digital difference: perspectives on online learning (pp. 61-70). Rotterdam: Sense Publishers. Moore, R. 2012. Social Realism and the problem of the problem of knowledge in the sociology of education. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 1-21. Muller, J. 2012. Knowledge, coherence and character. Paper presented at the ECER 2012, Cadiz, 21 September. Peters, M.A. 2007. Knowledge economy, development and the future of higher education. Rotterdam, The Netherlands: Sense Publishers. Peters, M.A. and Roberts, P. 2012. The Virtues of Openness: Education, science and scholarship in the digital age. Boulder, Colorado: Paradigm Publishers. Yates, L. 2012. My School, My University, My Country, My World, My Google, Myself...What is education for now? Australian Educational Researcher, 39(3): 259-274. Yates, L., & Young, M.F.D. 2010. Globalisation, knowledge and the curriculum. European Journal of Education, 45(1): 4–10. Young, M.F.D. 2012. Knowledge versus skills; the university curriculum at the cross roads. Paper presented at the ECER 2012, Cadiz, 21 September.

Author Information

Kate O'Connor (presenting / submitting)
University of Melbourne
Melbourne Graduate School of Education
Parkville

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