The Digital Room as a Meeting Place for Reflection on Theory and Practice in Teacher Education
Author(s):
Vivi Nilssen (presenting / submitting) Elin Strømman (presenting) Torunn Klemp Carl F. Dons
Conference:
ECER 2013
Format:
Paper

Session Information

10 SES 09 B, Teacher Educators Online

Paper Session

Time:
2013-09-12
11:00-12:30
Room:
A-202
Chair:
Joe O Hara
Discussant:
Vivi Nilssen

Contribution

 

There are two main goals in our project: To develop the digital room as a meeting place for the interplay between theory and practice in teacher education, and to explore and develop writing as a mediating tool in teacher education. The focus in this presentation is on preliminary findings on how written dialogues in the digital room seem to empower the reflection processes in internship. We followed one group of student teachers having their field practice in their second year of initial teacher education. The six student teachers are dialogging with each other and two mentors and two lecturers considering the teaching and learning of first graders’ reading and writing. The research question in this presentation is: How is the dialogic reflections in the interplay between student teachers, mentors and lecturers on the internet manifested in writing?

 

Reflection is a key concept and a key activity in teacher education throughout the world. Programs (Korthagen & Vasalos, 2005; Zeichner & Liu, 2010) and supervision models (Handal og Lauvås, 1983) are designed to promote reflection. Nonetheless, Norwegian studies (Haugan et al., 2012; Ottesen, 2006) show that reflection processes are hard to facilitate through oral mentoring. In the practice field the mentoring discourse appears to be bound within the context and centred on planning for and delivering lessons. Challenges are seldom discussed outside the school context on a generalized level (Haugan et al, 2012; Ottesen, 2006; Klemp, 2012). The written format seems to have a greater potential. Building on Vygotsky’s work, Hoel (2002), sees writing as the most important facilitator for reflection. While a Dutch study (Leeuw, 2006) found logs written daily during field practice to be poor texts, a recent Norwegian study found such logs used as multi tools in teacher education (Klemp, 2012). The reflections did, however, differ both in perspectives and quality. This could be due to lack of consensus concerning definitions of reflection, reflective practitioners and reflective teacher education (Orland-Barak & Yinon, 2007). There seems to be unclear notions of what the student teachers actually are supposed to be reflecting on (Marcos et al., 2011). In the last decade there has been a rhetorical change in the literature on teachers’ professional learning from the need for reflection to a focus on evidence-based development processes (Klemp, forthcoming 2013). Taking Dewey’s thinking in account, both reflections ahead of the teaching and after teaching; need to be informed by such evidence.

 

Writing as a meeting point between student teachers, mentors and lecturers represents a supplement to rare visits across the two arenas. We explore what possibilities the new collaborative arena offers concerning the quality of student teachers’ reflections. In this way, our paper addresses what Orland- Barak and Yinon (2007) argue is a widespread call for moving beyond conceptual discussions concerning reflective practice in teacher education. They ask for more data-based accounts of the impact of particular teacher education activities for enhancing understanding on the meeting between theory and practice.

 

Method

The study is designed as an intervention study developed in collaboration with the mentors and the student teachers. The intervention is directed to establish a digital “meeting room” where mentors, lecturers,and fellow student teachers respond to student teachers’ written reflections. The format used is forum in a LMS, where the participants contribute to an online string-based, structured discussion. Main data are the student teachers’ written reflections on their teaching of first-graders’ writing, and the given responses. Each of the student teachers wrote daily for three weeks, which gives us a total of 90 written log discussions in variable length. Additional data are transcriptions from group discussions with student teachers and mentors. Through an inductive approach we have used content analysis, drawing a picture of each of the student teachers and their reflections. In this process questions and comparisons were used as main analytical tools (Strauss & Corbin, 1998). Where did the student teachers have their attention? How was the first-graders’ writing addressed? What signs/kinds of reflection could be found? What kinds of responses were given, and how did the student teachers react upon them? Preliminary findings are discussed with the student teachers and the mentors.

Expected Outcomes

As this was an intervention study with the aim of developing a digital meeting room it is interesting to note that the student teachers appreciate this kind of open format as an arena for writing logs. They find it to be an informal place to discuss, giving a dynamic situation. They enjoy writing for, and getting feedback from, multiple recipients. Due to this they also find it necessary to make rather good observations in the classroom. This can be sustained by their written reflections. Preliminary analysis reveals findings in three areas. First, the data suggests that the student teachers use what we would call three different modes of reflection. They use theory to understand and explain their experiences; they ask themselves questions for further inquiry and they ask lecturers and mentors if their experiences connect to their own experiences; “are my observations valid”? The second finding is that responses given by the lecturers more often initiate further discussions than the mentors’ questions. An explanation can be that the mentors responses are also given in daily oral conversation after teaching. Thirdly the topics discussed in logs seem to serve as guidelines for the subsequent teaching, affecting the students’ choices and actions.

References

Handal, G., & Lauvås, P. (1983). På egne vilkår.[In their own way]. Oslo: Cappelen Akademisk Forlag. Haugan, J. A., Moen, T., & Karlsdóttir, R. (2012). Exploration of Norwegian student teachers' reflective mediation during internships. Reflective Practice: International and Multidisciplinary Perspectives, p. 1-14. DOI.10.1080/14623943.2012.749233 Hoel, T. L. (2002). Interaction and learning potential in E-mail messages. In E. Maagerø & B. Simonsen (Eds.), Learning genres. Learning through genres (pp. 15-38). Kristiansand: Høyskoleforlaget. Klemp, T. (2012). Writing logs as support? A qualitative study of student teachers’ learning process. PhD-dissertation, NTNU, Trondheim. Klemp, T. (forthcoming). Refleksjon – hva er det, og hvilken betydning har den i utdanning til profesjonell lærerpraksis?[Reflection – what does it mean, and how important is it in teacher education?] Uniped 36(1). Korthagen, F. & Vasalos, A. (2005). Levels in reflection: core reflection as a means to enhance professional growth. Teachers and Teaching: theory and practice, 11(1), 47-71. Leeuw, B. T. van der (2006). Schrijftaken in de lerarenopleiding : een etnografie van onderwijsvernieuwing. Heeswijk-Dinther: Esstede. Marcos, J. M., Sanchez, E., & Tillema, H. H. (2011). Promoting teacher reflection: what is said to be done. Journal of Education for Teaching, 37(1), 21-36. Orland-Barak, L., & Yinon, H. (2007). When theory meets practice: What student teachers learn from guided reflection on their own classroom discourse. Teaching and Teacher Education, 23(6), 957-969. Ottesen, E. (2006). Talk in practice. Analysing student teachers' and mentors' discourse in internship. PhD- issertation, Oslo: Unipub forlag. Strauss, A. L., & Corbin, J. M. (Eds.). (1998). Basics of qualitative research. Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Zeichner, K. & Liu Y. (2010). A critical analysis of reflection as a goal for teacher education. In N. Lyons (Ed). Handbook of reflective inquiry. New York: Springer.

Author Information

Vivi Nilssen (presenting / submitting)
Hogskolen i Sor-Trondelag
Teacher and interpreter education
Ranheim
Elin Strømman (presenting)
Sør-Trøndelag University College, Trondheim, Norway
Faculty of Teacher and Interpreter Education
Buvik
Sør-Trøndelag University College
Faculty of Teacher and Interpreter Education
Trondheim
Sør-Trøndelag University Colle
Teacher and interpreter education
trondheim

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