Creativity and innovation in Higher Education: The Use of Project- Based Learning for Mechanical Engineering Students’ Competence Development.
Author(s):
Elena Luchinskaya (submitting) Lilia Kristiansson (presenting)
Conference:
ECER 2013
Format:
Paper

Session Information

22 SES 05 C, Employability and Transition to Work of Higher Education Graduates

Paper Session

Time:
2013-09-11
11:00-12:30
Room:
STD-401
Chair:
Laila Mohebi

Contribution

The focus on innovation as a drive for developing competitive and dynamic European society creates new challenges for educators in equipping students with creative competences and innovative skills necessary for their future professional life. Integration of a variety of teaching and learning methods into existing curricula addresses this task and facilitates the transition from factual knowledge acquisition towards developing skills and competences for today's knowledge-based society [1].

This paper presents the results from a case study conducted at the University West of Sweden, concerning the use of project-based learning (PrBL) in higher education.  In today's increasingly competitive climate, employers of engineering graduates frequently highlight that graduates’ lack important competences and the ability to work efficiently in team-based projects. This paper analyses student experience in generic and subject-specific competence development in order to evaluate the potential of using project-based learning. The aim is to improve students' employment prospects and stimulate their creative abilities. Equipping students with relevant competences required for their social and professional integration, successful career and personal development is a key mission of the higher education sector.

Project-based learning (PrBL) is an example of collaborative student-focused learning and is supported by constructivist learning theory [2-4]. This method encourages deeper learning through the construction of meaning, connecting ideas and creating meaningful artefacts. Project-based learning stimulates a collaborative knowledge building process among participants, develops self-directed learning, motivation, creativity, improves student performance and develops a range of study skills through creating an informal learning environment.

Despite the changes and challenges of modern society, the existing teaching and learning strategies in engineering are still very traditional and mainly lecture-based. The introduction of student centred methods such as problem-based and project-based learning [4-9] is still not widely accepted in mainstream engineering education [7,8].

Method

Our study was carried out at the University West of Sweden during the year 2011-2012. Undergraduate students from mechanical engineering participated in the study. The course involved in the study, Mechanics and Machine Elements, (7.5 credits) contained lectures combined with PrBL activity during four weeks. The students were working on a construction project, focusing on the mechanisms of a transmission axis. The students had to discuss, calculate and evaluate the parameters of the device with respect to dimension, load cycle, rotation speed, forces and dimension of bearings in order to control the critical rotational speed. At the end of the project the students had to produce a project report to demonstrate that the designed transmission axis met the given conditions. The students worked in small, self-selected groups. The project was designed to get the students to solve a set of problems to develop generic competences. To evaluate the outcomes of this study, each group had to reflect on what they learned during each PrBL session and how the session affected their learning process and their competence development. By the end of the study the students responded to a questionnaire consisting of open-ended questions.

Expected Outcomes

The analysis of the collected data showed that students gave positive feedback about their participation in this project. The analysis of the questionnaires showed that students found PrBL both highly inspiring and useful for their future employment They indicated that they developed problem-solving skills, advanced their analytical skills and their ability to apply mathematics – skills important for their future employment. It was also observed during the course that students who worked with this project became more confident, felt more motivation and demonstrated their creativity. They also felt greater responsibility for their study and were interested in doing this project because it was directly related to their future profession. Benefits of any teaching design are always challenging to measure or quantify. In this study, student evaluations showed that PrBL based on this particular case was a success. These results encourage us as lecturers to introduce new projects based on the content in our courses. We believe that new practices emerging during PrBL will encourage creativity among mechanical engineering students and enhance their learning process. The results presented will be of great importance for further project development process and research on non-traditional teaching methods.

References

1. Jones, B. F., Rasmussen, C. M., & Moffitt, M. C. (1997). Real-life problem solving.: A collaborative approach to interdisciplinary learning. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. 2. Vygotsky, L. S. Mind in society. The development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1978 3. Phillips, D. Constructivism in education: Opinions and second opinions on controversial issues. Chicago, IL University of Chicago Press, 2000 4. Light, G., Cox, R., & Calkins, S. (2009) Teaching and learning in higher education: The reflective professional. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2009. 5. Nilsson G. and Luchinskaya E. “Problem-based Learning and competence development: a Case Study of Teaching Mathematics to Computer Science Students”, Journal of Research in Teacher Education, 2007, No 3. p 13-21. 6. Nilsson G. and Luchinskaya E.” Using Problem-based and Peer-assisted Learning in Teaching Mathematics to University Students: Focus on Competence Development.” Paper presented at the European Educational Research Conference, ECER 2009, Vienna, Austria, September 2009. 7. Nilsson G., Kristiansson, L. , Luchinskaya E., and Luchinskaya D. “Competence development and employability prospects: using non-traditional teaching methods in a changing higher education environment”. Paper presented at the European Educational Research Conference, ECER 2010, Helsinki, Finland, August 2010. 8. Mills, J. and Treagust, D. “Engineering Education – Is Problem-based or Project-Based Learning the Answer?”, Australasian J. of Engng. Educ.,2004. 9. Perrenet, J.C., Bouhuijs, P.A.J. & Smits, J.G.M.M., The suitability of problem-based learning for engineering education: theory and practice. Teaching in higher education, 5, 3, 345-358, (2000).

Author Information

Elena Luchinskaya (submitting)
Leeds Metropolitan University, United Kingdom
Lilia Kristiansson (presenting)
University WEST
Department of Engineering Science
Trollhattan

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