Importing Education: The Bologna Process Beyond Europe (The Case of Kazakhstan)
Author(s):
Gulnara Tampayeva (presenting / submitting)
Conference:
ECER 2013
Format:
Paper

Session Information

ERG SES G 01, Education Policies and Professional Development

Paper Session

Time:
2013-09-10
09:00-10:30
Room:
A-101
Chair:
Yavuz Samur

Contribution

Given that in the globalized world some educational patterns, such as the Bologna process, are imported and used in different parts of the world, there are no sufficient studies on how these new patterns work in local conditions. This research area, grounded on the theory of education policy borrowing by G. Steiner-Khamsi, T. Popkewitz, I. Silova, B. Streitwieser, discovering new and undeveloped cases to study, formulates a twofold aspect to research. On the one hand, it is an investigation of how European educational patterns impact on non-European local education, and, on the contrary, how local education, in its turn, reacts to the imported European policies. As the scholars point out, education borrowing does not mean copying or an exact implementation of the borrowed patterns, but it is a revealing of how models of a global system are transferred, work and change in different local conditions. (Popkewitz 2004, Steiner-Khamsi 2004).

Kazakhstan in this regard represents an interesting case to study, as it is the first country of Central Asia, which implemented the Bologna process. While Kazakhstan inherited its higher education system from the Soviet Union, it chose the reformation path towards the European educational system straight after the collapse of the USSR and purposefully followed it during the last decades. In 2010 Kazakhstan joined the Bologna process.

The crucial role in the transformation process plays its main actors, i.e. teachers and educators, for whom this transformation was, and is, a rather complex experience.

Some of them have a strong belief that the Soviet education system was one of the best in the world and that it should not to be changed, while others support the reforms to various extents. The focus of the research is the views of Kazakhstan educators regarding the new education reform under the Bologna process. Similar research was undertaken by B. Streitwieser (2000) by studying the East German teachers` negotiations with the school reformation under the West German school system in the post-unification period. Another study was conducted by Christofoletti on academics` views on higher education reform in Brazil (2010). My research will follow Streitwieser`s approach to apply the theory of educational policy borrowing, unlike Christofoletti’s method.

The main research question is how do Kazakhstan higher education professionals accept, evaluate and react to the education reform under the European educational patterns?

The rationale for this question is derived from the necessity to promote further education reformation in Kazakhstan in the best possible way by revealing factors that obstruct the process.

The main objectives are:

- to study teachers` attitudes and evaluations of the new education reform under the Bologna process in Kazakhstan HE;

- to examine the existing educational background in Kazakhstan, which was undergone by a new education policy;

- to determine the inner problems preventing the process of full adaptation of the Bologna process;

- to formulate the recommendations to promote further the educational reforms in Kazakhstan towards international standards.

 

Method

The main research tool is an interview, which is the most appropriate method in the research on personal attitudes and evaluations. The focus group for the interview consists of approximately 30 professionals of 24-57 years old, involved in actual teaching activity in Kazakhstan HEI. The places for interview are different sites of the country, which are Kazakh National University in Almaty, Eurasian University in Astana, and the regional State University in Aktobe. Another method is an analysis of documents and materials on the implementation of the Bologna process produced at institutional level. Some special documents and directions were released within several institutions by the departments specially created for the purpose of the implementation of the Bologna process, such as in Astana and Almaty Universities. They will help to understand how these inner instructions guided teachers’ activity and whether this influenced people’s reactions to the reforms.

Expected Outcomes

The research is expected to be one of the few studies on the borrowing of the Bologna system on the post-Soviet area. Also, it is one of the first that focuses on the investigation of Kazakhstan teachers’ reaction to the Bologna process, as until now this area has not been touched in-depth by the scholars due to the relatively short reform period. The practical expected outcome is the formulation of recommendations for educators and other practitioners, who are responsible for the implementation of the Bologna process in Kazakhstan HEIs, based on the findings of the research, hereby promoting the improvement of the adaptation of the reforms.

References

Popkewitz T. (2004). Foreword. In G. Steiner-Khamsi (Ed.), The Global Politics of Educational Borrowing and Lending (pp. vii-xii). New York: Teachers College Press, Columbia University Steiner-Khamsi G. (2004). Introduction. Globalization in Education: Real or Imagined? In G. Steiner-Khamsi (Ed.), The Global Politics of Educational Borrowing and Lending (pp. 1-6). New York: Teachers College Press, Columbia University Streitwieser, B. (2000). Negotiating transformation: East Berlin teachers in the post-Unification decade. (PhD thesis). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. (ID: 9970291) Christofoletti, J. F. (2010). Higher Education Reform in Brazil. (PhD thesis). Institute of Education, London.

Author Information

Gulnara Tampayeva (presenting / submitting)
Brunel University, London, UK
Almaty

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