Doing Reflexivity: Moments of unbecoming and becoming
Author(s):
Alison Fox (presenting / submitting) Julie Allan
Conference:
ECER 2013
Format:
Paper

Session Information

22 SES 12 A, Teaching, Learning and Assessment in Higher Education

Paper Session

Time:
2013-09-13
09:00-10:30
Room:
STD-301
Chair:
Jani Petri Ursin

Contribution

This paper contributes to the theme of the conference as it has at its centre, a method of data collection which we believe to be creative and innovative.  The paper arose from the concerns of a professional doctoral student and her supervisor regarding the level of reflexivity displayed within a professional doctoral thesis and was written in response to a question raised at the viva: Can one be too reflexive?  Davies et al (2004) acknowledge the spectrum of reflexivity and are clear that there can be no set amount that can be ‘just right’, in performative terms. Kamler and Thompson (2006) advise that each person needs to experiment to find what is the most appropriate voice of authority for him or her.  Despite, or perhaps because of, its elusiveness, a measure of what is ‘just right’ is still a matter of judgment. Too much and it risks being seen as self-indulgent; too little and the reader/examiner is left guessing what went on during the doctoral process; and long expositions about the ‘dilemma’ of how much is ‘just right’ are likely just to annoy.

The paper seeks to account for the way we practiced reflexivity in order to consider and challenge power relations and reflect on movements in and out of spaces, thus tracking the means by which the subaltern student found her tentative and emerging authoritative voice (Skeggs, 2002). In so doing we hope to stimulate a dialogue around what it means to ‘do’ reflexivity in the context of doctoral study, and as such, anticipate that this paper may contribute to the complex decisions made around reflexivity for neophyte researchers, and their supervisors.

 It tells of the reflexive ‘trip’ undertaken by the student and supervisor, and using a dialogic approach, seeks to consider how reflexivity was ‘done’. In so doing, we have identified three lines along which reflexivity appears to have been practised: conceptual, ethical and performative. These expose reflexivity as partial, fragmented and dynamic, leading to the contention that it would appear to do its work by disturbing, disrupting and opening up new possibilities.

Method

The methodology which we evolved arose from a concern to find a way to recollect the doctoral ‘trip’ that avoided romanticising, rendering it smooth and linear, or seeking to ‘capture’ a series of truths. We sought an approach which would enable us to recollect without prejudice, that is to bring to presence those moments which were meaningful for both student and supervisor and to recognise those meanings as having, in Deleuze’s (1995) terms ‘affects’. We present a series of vignettes which offer an account of unbecomings and becomings encountered by the student. Making use of a dialogic approach in which the supervisor responds to the student, we suggest this method of data collection might offer a creative and innovative approach which goes beyond simple recollection to enable a deeper level of reflexive action. The sources of these were the student’s reflexive diary and e-mail exchanges. We embarked upon a method of recall which involved the production of a series of vignettes. The supervisor responded to these moments and exchange continued until both parties felt enough had been said.

Expected Outcomes

We present a number of lines along which reflexivity appears to have been practised: conceptual, ethical and performative. These represent quite different actions and relations and have different implications. Doing reflexivity appears to involve conceptual turmoil, which in this case included resisting then embracing a theoretical approach. In addition, the dialogic approach revealed the student’s struggles to comply with sets of competing values and rules necessitating ‘doing’ ethical reflexivity as part of the sense-making processes integral to doctoral study. Lastly, a line of reflexivity apparent within the dialogues pertains to performativity, exposing the vulnerability of the judged: the concern regarding being considered ‘right’, the need for other people to recognise the ‘good’ in what was produced. We believe that in describing reflexivity as a complex process of unbecomings and becomings this paper goes some way to debunking the notion that reflexivity can be named as a set of transferable skills that can be employed and generalised across a person’s world. We believe the dialogic approach that we have employed has gone beyond simple recollection, enabling reflexivity to be exposed as fragmented, dynamic and partial; and that these characteristics are features of its success and importance, certainly within the doctoral trip.

References

Adkins, Lisa. 2003 ‘Reflexivity: Freedom or Habit of Gender?’, Theory, Culture & Society 20(6): 21–42. Barnacle, Robyn and Inger Mewburn. 2010. "Learning Networks and the Journey of 'Becoming Doctor'." Studies in Higher Education 35 (4): 433-444. Batchelor, Denise and , Roberto, Di Napoli. 2006. "The Doctoral Journey: Perspectives." Educate 6 (1): 13-24. Davies, Bronwen, Jenny Browne, Susanne Gannon, Eileen Honan, Babette Mueller-Rockstroh, and Eva Bendix Petersen. 2004. "The Ambivalent Practices of Reflexivity." Qualitative Inquiry 10 (3): 360-389. Deleuze, Gilles. 1995. Negotiations. Trans M Joughin ed. New York: Columbia University Press. Drake, Pat. 2010. "Grasping at Methodological Understanding: A Cautionary Tale from Insider Research." International Journal of Research & Method in Education 33 (1): 85-99. Forbes, Joan. 2008. "Reflexivity in Professional Doctoral Research." Reflective Practice 9 (4): 449-460. Kamler, Barbara and Pat Thomson. 2006. Helping Doctoral Students to Write: Pedagogies for Supervision. Abingdon: Routledge. Patai, Daphne. 1994. “(Response) When method becomes power”. In Power and method: Political Activism and Educational Research (pp. 61–73) edited by Andrew Gitlen . New York: Routledge. Pillow, Wanda. 2010. “Confession, catharsis, or cure? Rethinking the uses of reflexivity as methodological power in qualitative research”. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education. 16 (2): 175-196 Richardson, Laurel. 2003. "Writing: A Method of Inquiry" In Collecting and Interpreting Qualitative Materials., edited by Norman K. Denzin and Yvonna S. Lincoln. 2nd ed. London: Sage Publications. Skeggs, Beverley. 2002. “Techniques for Telling the Reflexive Self”. In Qualitative Research in Action, edited by Tim May. London: Sage Publications. Taylor, Carol A. 2011. "More than Meets the Eye: The use of Videonarratives to Facilitate Doctoral Students' Reflexivity on their Doctoral Journeys." Studies in Higher Education 36 (4): 441-458.

Author Information

Alison Fox (presenting / submitting)
University of Stirling
School of Education
Stirling
University of Birmingham, United Kingdom

Update Modus of this Database

The current conference programme can be browsed in the conference management system (conftool) and, closer to the conference, in the conference app.
This database will be updated with the conference data after ECER. 

Search the ECER Programme

  • Search for keywords and phrases in "Text Search"
  • Restrict in which part of the abstracts to search in "Where to search"
  • Search for authors and in the respective field.
  • For planning your conference attendance, please use the conference app, which will be issued some weeks before the conference and the conference agenda provided in conftool.
  • If you are a session chair, best look up your chairing duties in the conference system (Conftool) or the app.