The main purpose of this study is to explore the possibility to link international comparative assessments of student achievement in mathematics, conducted by the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA). We use data from previous mathematics surveys completed by the IEA. The three first surveys were conducted in 1964, 1980, 1995. After 1995, TIMSS is repeated every fourth year, thus recently conducted in 2011. We conducted a document analysis to evaluate the degree of similarity across the assessments according to four criteria, as stated by Kolen and Brennan (2004). (1) Evaluating to what extent the assessments were used to draw similar inferences. (2) Comparing the target sample definitions. (3) Evaluating the degree of similarity in the test conditions. (4) Evaluating to what extent the tests assess similar constructs by comparing the tests with the assessment frameworks. With respect to the four criteria, our study indicates a fairly high degree of similarity across the assessments. Thus, it is suitable to link the tests from the different studies. We have identified anchor items between the first two studies, but between these and TIMSS the item overlap is not well documented; however, a small number of identical items were identified.