‘This content will remain with me forever’: Pre-service teachers’ Perceptions of a Blended Approach
Author(s):
Antonio Calderón (presenting / submitting) Lourdes Meroño
Conference:
ECER 2017
Format:
Paper

Session Information

18 SES 05, Using Technology to Empower Learning in Physical Education Settings

Paper Session

Time:
2017-08-23
13:30-15:00
Room:
K3.23
Chair:
Fiona Chambers

Contribution

‘Pedagogy is the driver, technology is the accelerator’

Michael Fullan

The European Commission is strongly advocating for the integration of technology-based teaching across the higher education system (European Commission, 2014). Research would suggest to best engage students and to promote learning, teaching approaches that go beyond traditional lecture instruction are the most effective (Ferreri & O’Connor, 2013). This is important and indeed necessary for two reason (O’Flaherty & Phillips, 2015): one, there are suites of technology available to enhance student learning and two, students particularly those of the current millennial generation (born after 1980) expect it. Simply, for this generation they require learning and engagement to be reactionary and immediate. Consequently, in order to promote learning, maintain student engagement and to increase student satisfaction, the utilisation of technology with or without traditional pedagogical approaches, is considered essential (Brown, 2016). Academics across the world are increasingly incorporating online tools into face-to face teaching approaches (Eagan, et al., 2014). The mixture of face-to-face methods and the use of online tools for instruction are referred to in the higher education literature as blending (Drysdale, Graham, Spring, & Halverson, 2013). Blending incorporates traditional face-to-face instruction with the affordances of online tools. The experience of Calderón et al. (2016) using social media to engage first year undergraduate students is just an example of a blended approach in higher education. Thus, the purpose of this paper was to analyse the perception of third year undergraduate degree students about their learning after experiencing a module delivered through a technology-based teaching approach (blended instructional practice).

Method

Participants and Instructional approach One intact class (n=61) and one lecturer participated as a part of a module focused on sociology of teaching and learning in physical education. The blended instructional setting was design according to the students’ technology background and interests that were collected through the analysis of a Google form they all completed the first day. It included: (1) Clip of the week: Every class started with a YouTube video in which a young is vlogging about physical education (PE). All the clips had a common topic. It was I hate PE! (2) Team reflection: After the clip of the week, followed a team reflection around the ideas emerging from the video; (3) Article of the week. This reading added some theoretical framework about the topic reported at the clip (i.e. gender issues, nomophobic behaviour, bullying, etc.). The students in teams, have to answer and debate about different questions that were projected in the class screen; (4) Highlights of the lecture: A summary of the ‘lessons learn’ in the lecture was dropped out to the class Slack (is a real time messaging, search, archiving, and communication web-based and mobile app) channel using visually sound slides (created with Haiku Deck, is a web-based and mobile app presentation tool); and (5) The happy hour: Once a week they had an hour to solve doubts of the assignment and discuss about the weekly topic using the class Slack channel. Data collection and analysis The qualitative data about the students’ perception of the blended approach were collected from students’ learning blogs. A total of 60.160 words from 195 blog posts were coded by two experienced researchers using QSR NVivo 11 software. Content analysis was performed following Bardin (2002) recommendations: First, "pre-analysis", involving (a) a superficial reading of the transcription; and (b) the formulation of objectives and hypotheses. Second, the "use of material" that involved an analysis using constant comparisons as Lincoln and Guba (1985) proposed in order to identify and extract categories and common patterns of response. In third place was "the treatment of the results and interpretation" that involved the comparison of the categories found by both researchers with the aim of finding discrepancies or misinterpretations (Miles and Huberman, 1994). Finally, a member checking for credibility with five random participants that were asked to give feedback regarding the data under analysis.

Expected Outcomes

Three themes emerged from the inductive reasoning: “Teaching approach” (40,52% of the comments and six subthemes); “Pedagogy of technology” (8,69% and three subthemes), and “Content learning” (5,79% and five subthemes). After the semester, despite there were different opinions, high levels of student engagement and learning were found. The average Quality Point Value (QPV) of the class was 3,39 (B1, 1 to 4 scale). This blended instructional strategy was a good opportunity for students to be engaged in the module, learn the contents and recognize the benefits of moving away from the traditional teacher-directed instruction and moving towards a more holistic approach to learning and engagement in a higher education setting. Some of the limitations of this research are due to the fact that the students’ blog posts were not anonymously written and they were graded, so their level of honesty could be affected, leading to more positivistic perceptions of the blended approach. To explore the effects of other online tools with students of different ages and technology literacy could increase the body-knowledge and academic practice of blended instructional strategies in higher education. ‘Having completed this module, I have learned a new approach to teaching. The teacher does not need to be the authoritarian figure. Students should be more involved within their learning’ Student blog post

References

Bardin, L. (2002). Análisis de contenido. Madrid: Ediciones Akal. Brown, M. G. (2016).Blended instructional practice: A review of the empirical literature on instructors' adoption and use of online tools in face-to-face teaching. Internet and Higher Education, 31, 1-10. Calderón, A., López-Chicheri, I., Fernández-Río, J., & Sinelnikov, O. (2016): “I really want them to be engaged and learn”: The use of social media to engage in higher education (86-103). In A. Casey, V. Goodyear, and K. Armour (eds.), Digital technologies and learning in physical education. Pedagogical cases. London: Routledge. Drysdale, J. S., Graham, C. R., Spring, K. J., &Halverson, L. R. (2013). An analysis of research trends in dissertations and theses studying blended learning. The Internet and Higher Education, 17, 90-100. Eagan, K., Stolzenberg, E. B., Ramirez, J. J., Aragon, M. C., Suchard, M. R., & Hurtado, S. (2014). The American freshman: National norms fall 2014. Los Angeles: Higher Education Research Institute, UCLA. European Commission. (2014). Report to the European Commission on New modes of learning and teaching in higher education. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. Ferreri, S. P., & O’Connor, S. K. (2013). Redesign of a large lecture course into a small-group learning course. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 77(1), 13. Lincoln, Y. S., &Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage. Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: A sourcebook. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications. O' Flaherty, J., & Phillips, C. (2015). The use of flipped classrooms in higher education: A scoping review. The Internet and Higher Education, 25, 85-95.

Author Information

Antonio Calderón (presenting / submitting)
University of Limerick
Physical Education and Sport Sciences
Limerick
UCAM
Murcia

Update Modus of this Database

The current conference programme can be browsed in the conference management system (conftool) and, closer to the conference, in the conference app.
This database will be updated with the conference data after ECER. 

Search the ECER Programme

  • Search for keywords and phrases in "Text Search"
  • Restrict in which part of the abstracts to search in "Where to search"
  • Search for authors and in the respective field.
  • For planning your conference attendance, please use the conference app, which will be issued some weeks before the conference and the conference agenda provided in conftool.
  • If you are a session chair, best look up your chairing duties in the conference system (Conftool) or the app.