Main Content
Session Information
04 SES 11 C, The Irresistible Rise of the Special Educational Needs Industry
Symposium
Contribution
Compared to many other European countries, the special education system in the Netherlands is extensive. In the past 50 years Dutch special education has developed into a wide-ranging system for students expected not to be able to attend regular schools. At one time there were 15 types of special schools for students with a range of different impairments. Fifteen years ago 4.2% of students between 4 and 11 attended a special education school (Pijl, 1997), while 30 years ago only 2.2% attended such a school (Meijer, Pijl & Kramer, 1989). This development – from 2.2 to 4.2 per cent in fifteen years – was primarily caused by the growth of two major special education school types: LOM schools, which cater for Mild Learning Disabled students and MLK schools, for Educable Mentally Retarded students. This practice of referring students with special needs to segregated special schools became increasingly criticized leading to new legislation. The Primary School Act of 1985 stated that the major goal of primary schools is to offer appropriate instruction to all students aged 4 to 12, and to guarantee all students an uninterrupted quality school career. However, in spite of the Act, expansion of segregated schools for special education continued.
Method
Programme by Networks, ECER 2021
00. Central Events (Keynotes, EERA-Panel, EERJ Round Table, Invited Sessions)
Network 1. Continuing Professional Development: Learning for Individuals, Leaders, and Organisations
Network 2. Vocational Education and Training (VETNET)
Network 3. Curriculum Innovation
Network 4. Inclusive Education
Network 5. Children and Youth at Risk and Urban Education
Network 6. Open Learning: Media, Environments and Cultures
Network 7. Social Justice and Intercultural Education
Network 8. Research on Health Education
Network 9. Assessment, Evaluation, Testing and Measurement
Network 10. Teacher Education Research
Network 11. Educational Effectiveness and Quality Assurance
Network 12. LISnet - Library and Information Science Network
Network 13. Philosophy of Education
Network 14. Communities, Families and Schooling in Educational Research
Network 15. Research Partnerships in Education
Network 16. ICT in Education and Training
Network 17. Histories of Education
Network 18. Research in Sport Pedagogy
Network 19. Ethnography
Network 20. Research in Innovative Intercultural Learning Environments
Network 22. Research in Higher Education
Network 23. Policy Studies and Politics of Education
Network 24. Mathematics Education Research
Network 25. Research on Children's Rights in Education
Network 26. Educational Leadership
Network 27. Didactics – Learning and Teaching
Network 28. Sociologies of Education
Network 29. Reserach on Arts Education
Network 30. Research on Environmental und Sustainability Education
Network 31. Research on Language and Education (LEd)
Network 32. Organizational Education
The programme is updated regularly (each day in the morning)
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